Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Kenyan Leafy Green Vegetables, Wild Fruits, and Medicinal Plants with Potential Relevance for Kwashiorkor

Table 2

Cytotoxicity and inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-alpha production by plant extracts in THP-1 monocytes.

Plant species	(g/mL ± SEM)	Highest test concentration (g/mL)^2	IC50; (g/mL ± SEM)^3
Medicinal plants
A. indica	204 ± 75	50	58 ± 2^C
M. indica		100	169 ± 6^E
O. americanum	80 ± 16	25	16 ± 1^AB
O. gratissimum		100	112 ± 6^D
P. guajava		100
Z. chalybeum		100	47 ± 1^BC
Leafy green vegetables
A. dubius	84 ± 3	25	9 ± 1^A
B. oleracea		100	111 ± 11^D
C. maxima	58 ± 30	50	131 ± 4^D
S. scabrum	114 ± 16	50
V. unguiculata	102 ± 9	50	27 ± 5^ABC
Wild fruits
E. japonica		100
V. payos		100

TC₅₀ is the toxic dose, or the concentration calculated to reduce cell viability by 50%. = 4 replicates for each test concentration. ²Highest concentration tested that reduced cell viability by less than 20%. ³ = 3 proportional groups comprised of the results for each test concentration. Superscripts represent statistical differences between plant species at using an ANOVA with Scheffé post hoc analysis.