Structural Integration as an Adjunct to Outpatient Rehabilitation for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial
Table 2
Baseline characteristics of treatment groups.
Variable (range)
SI + OR ()
OR alone ()
1
Female
Number (%)
13 (56%)
14 (61%)
0.77
White
Number (%)
20 (87%)
16 (70%)
0.16
Age years (18–54)
Mean (SD)
43.1 (13.4)
45.6 (14.0)
0.54
BMI (<40)
Mean (SD)
26.1 (4.4)
23.0 (4.8)
0.18
VAS Pain (0–100 mm)
Mean (SD)
46 (23)
50 (20)
0.55
RMDQ (0–24)
Mean (SD)
7.7 (4.5)
7.7 (5.3)
1.00
Prescription pain medication
Number (%)
2 (9%)
5 (22%)
0.23
Years since onset
Mean (SD)
10.7 (10.9)
6.6 (6.3)
0.12
Sum of days and half days disabled
Mean (SD)
4.1 (4.6)
5.3 (4.5)
0.92
Depression (HADS-D) (0–21)
Mean (SD)
3.7 (3.9)
3.8 (3.3)
0.98
Anxiety (HADS-A) (0–21)
Mean (SD)
5.5 (2.8)
5.8 (3.4)
0.71
Pain catastrophizing (PCS) (0–56)
Mean (SD)
14.3 (11.4)
15.1 (10.6)
0.80
Kinesiophobia (TSK) (−3 to +48)
Mean (SD)
14.2 (9.7)
15.4 (8.2)
0.67
Hypochondriasis (W7-IW) (0–3)
Mean (SD)
0.6 (0.6)
0.6 (0.8)
0.71
Somatization (W7-IC) (0–3)
Mean (SD)
1.1 (1.0)
0.7 (0.8)
0.26
SD: standard deviation. BMI: body mass index. VAS Pain: visual analogue scale of pain. RMDQ: Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. HADS-D and HADS-A: depression and anxiety subscales of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PCS: Pain Catastrophizing Scale. TSK: Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. W7-IW and W7-IC: Illness Worry and Illness Conviction subscales of the Wiley-7. 2-sided Student’s -test.
