Trigonellae Semen Enhances Sperm Motility and the Expression of the Cation Sperm Channel Proteins in Mouse Testes

Figure 3

Real-time PCR analysis of CatSper 1–4 gene expression in TS and CP treated mice testes. Normal, vehicle-treated group. Control, CP (100 mg/kg/week, i.p. 5 weeks) treated group. The CP and TS groups received CP (100 mg/kg) and TS (100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, p.o., 5 weeks). The level of CatSper mRNA was normalized to the GAPDH reference signal. RQ refers to the relative quantity of gene expression. Each column represents the mean ± SD (). indicates that the mean is significantly different from the normal value (). # indicates that the mean is significantly different from the control value (, ).