Unmatched groups ( Propensity-matched groups ( Goreisan users Goreisan nonusers Standardized difference Goreisan users Goreisan nonusers Standardized difference Type of hospital, Nonacademic 2,997 (77.1) 27,644 (86.0) 19.6 2,997 (77.3) 3,016 (77.8) 1.0 Academic 892 (22.9) 4,487 (14.0) −19.6 882 (22.7) 863 (22.2) −1.0 Hospital volume (per year), ≤22 1,133 (29.1) 9,836 (30.6) 2.6 1,131 (29.2) 1,098 (28.3) −1.5 23–36 1,283 (33.0) 10,848 (33.8) 1.3 1,275 (32.9) 1,340 (34.5) 2.9 ≥37 1,473 (37.9) 11,447 (35.6) −3.8 1,473 (38.0) 1,441 (37.1) −1.4 Fiscal year, 2010 568 (14.6) 7,748 (24.1) 19.2 568 (14.6) 564 (14.5) −0.2 2011 1,278 (32.9) 12,066 (37.6) 8.0 1,278 (32.9) 1,305 (33.6) 1.2 2012 2,043 (52.5) 12,317 (38.3) −23.6 2,033 (52.4) 2,010 (51.8) −1.0 Age (years), mean (SD) 76.5 (10.7) 76.4 (11.1) −1.4 76.2 (10.7) 76.2 (10.7) 0.0 Sex, Male 2,644 (68.0) 21,577 (67.2) −1.5 2,636 (68.0) 2,618 (67.5) −0.8 Female 1,245 (32.0) 10,554 (32.8) 1.5 1,243 (32.0) 1,261 (32.5) 0.8 Body mass index (kg/m2 ), <18.5 487 (12.5) 4,164 (13.0) 1.1 486 (12.5) 452 (11.7) −2.2 18.5–22.9 1,712 (44.0) 14,065 (43.8) −0.4 1,709 (44.1) 1,746 (45.0) 1.6 23.0–24.9 681 (17.5) 5,356 (16.7) −1.8 681 (17.6) 723 (18.6) 2.3 25.0–29.9 556 (14.3) 4,079 (12.7) −3.9 550 (14.2) 536 (13.8) −0.9 ≥30.0 57 (1.5) 459 (1.4) −0.3 57 (1.5) 46 (1.2) −2.1 Missing 396 (10.2) 4,090 (12.7) 6.4 396 (10.2) 376 (9.7) −1.4 Barthel Index at admission, 0 794 (20.4) 7,676 (23.9) 6.8 794 (20.5) 809 (20.9) 0.8 5–45 671 (17.3) 5,679 (17.7) 0.9 670 (17.3) 609 (15.7) −3.5 50–95 808 (20.8) 6,016 (18.7) −4.2 804 (20.7) 746 (19.2) −3.1 100 894 (23.0) 6,740 (21.0) −4.0 889 (22.9) 991 (25.5) 5.0 Missing 722 (18.6) 6,020 (18.7) 0.4 722 (18.6) 724 (18.7) 0.1 Japan Coma Scale at admission, 0 (alert) 1,809 (46.5) 14,112 (43.9) −4.3 1,799 (46.4) 1,898 (48.9) 4.2 1 digit (drowsy) 1,844 (47.4) 15,124 (47.1) −0.6 1,844 (47.5) 1,747 (45.0) −4.1 2 digits (somnolence) 190 (4.9) 1,965 (6.1) 4.3 190 (4.9) 185 (4.8) −0.5 3 digits (coma) 46 (1.2) 930 (2.9) 9.3 46 (1.2) 49 (1.3) 0.6 Comorbidities, Malignancy 137 (3.5) 1,359 (4.2) 2.9 137 (3.5) 125 (3.2) −1.4 Ischemic heart disease 184 (4.7) 1,562 (4.9) 0.5 184 (4.7) 163 (4.2) −2.2 Chronic heart failure 113 (2.9) 1,057 (3.3) 1.8 113 (2.9) 96 (2.5) −2.2 Chronic renal failure 53 (1.4) 836 (2.6) 6.9 53 (1.4) 47 (1.2) −1.1 Liver cirrhosis 22 (0.6) 163 (0.5) −0.7 22 (0.6) 24 (0.6) 0.5 Pneumonia 27 (0.7) 289 (0.9) 1.8 27 (0.7) 20 (0.5) −1.9 Urinary tract infection 9 (0.2) 104 (0.3) 1.4 9 (0.2) 12 (0.3) 1.2 Sepsis 2 (0.1) 35 (0.1) 1.6 2 (0.1) 3 (0.1) 0.8 Antithrombotic agent use, 317 (8.2) 2,639 (8.2) 0.2 314 (8.1) 278 (7.2) −2.9 Mannitol infusion, 104 (2.7) 1,033 (3.2) 2.6 104 (2.7) 84 (2.2) −2.8 Steroid infusion, 15 (0.4) 243 (0.8) 3.8 15 (0.4) 15 (0.4) 0.0
