| | Author/year | Sample size (Mean age, range) | Diagnostic criteria | Intervention | Treatment session/period | Acupoints | Comparison | Outcome measures | Outcome assessment |
| | Dong et al., 2013 [19, 22] | 60
Acupuncture: NR, 24–36
Control: NR, 23–36 | Age <40, amenorrhea ≥6 months, FSH ≥40 U/L, and E2 <73 pmol/L | Acupuncture and HRT | Up to 6 sessions over 6 months (15 treatments/session) | CV6, CV4, SP6, BL7, SP10, LI4, LR3, KI3, BL23, BL15, BL20 | HRT | FSH, E2, Kupperman index, recovery of menstruation | After treatment (6 months) |
| | Wang et al., 2011 [18] | 40
Acupuncture: 35.4, 26–44
Control: 34.9, 24–43 | Age <40, amenorrhea ≥6 months, FSH >40 mIU/mL, LH >40 mIU/mL, and E2 <30 pg/mL | Acupuncture and CHM | Up to 6 sessions over 3 months (10 treatments/session) | BL20, BL21, BL18, BL23, CV4, CV2, SP10, Ex-CA1, SP6 | CHM | E2, FSH, LH, menopausal symptoms | After treatment (3 months) |
| | Fu, 2012 [14] | 23
Acupuncture: NR, 25–40
Control: NR, 25–40 | Age <40, amenorrhea ≥6 months, FSH >40 IU/L, LH >30 IU/L, and E2 <25 ng/mL | EA and placebo CHM | 20 treatments over 3 months (4/week for first 2 weeks; 2/week for 3-4 weeks; weekly for 5–12 weeks) | Bilateral ST25 and BL33 | HRT and placebo CHM | E2, FSH, LH, recovery of menstruation | After treatment (3 months) |
| | Sha et al., 1998 [17] | 168
(35.5, 26–40) | Prolactin normal, FSH >40 µg/L | Acupuncturea | Up to 6 sessions (1 session: 20 treatments) | CV4, CV3, KI12, Ex-CA1, BL23
SP6, SP9, BL18, HT6, KI7 added in some cases
BL19, GV4, BL32, SP8 added in some cases | Clomiphene and estrogen | E2, FSH, LH | After treatment (6, 7, and 9 months) |
| | Yang et al., 2008 [16] | 60
(35.5, 28–40) | Age <40, amenorrhea ≥4 months, FSH >40 U/L, LH ≥normal, and E2 <73.2 pmol/L | Acupuncture
A group: liver-kidney yin deficiency pattern identification of TCM
B group: spleen-kidney yang deficiency pattern | 90 treatments | A group: CV4, ST30, Ex-CA1, CV3, SP6, ST36, SP10, LR3, KI3
B group: BL17, BL18, BL19, BL23, BL26, BL32 | HRT | E2, FSH, LH, recovery of menstruation | After treatment (3 months) |
| | Li et al., 2014 [20] | 65
(NR, 18–40) | Age <40, amenorrhea ≥6 months, FSH >40 IU/L, E2 <100 pmol/L, and menopausal symptoms | Acupoint catgut implantation and HRT | Once/2-3 weeks for 6 months | Major points:
(1) PC6, ST36
(2) CV4, SP6
Selected points: BL23, BL19, CV6, BL21, Ex-CA1, GV4, CV7, CV3, BL26, BL32, ST40 | HRT | Kupperman index, FSH, E2 | After treatment (6 months) and follow-up at 12 months about symptoms |
| | Liu et al., 2008 [21] | 132
(NR) | Age <40, amenorrhea ≥4 months, FSH >40 IU/L, and E2 <73.2 pmol/L | Acupoint catgut implantation | Total 8 treatments over 6 months | BL18, BL20, BL23, LR14, LR13, GB25 | HRT | FSH, E2, recovery of menstruation | After treatment (6 months) and follow-up at 12 months about symptoms |
| | Jia and Duan, 2011 [15] | 23
Acupuncture: NR, 33–40
Control: NR, 32–38 | Age <40, amenorrhea, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism ≥6 months | EA and HRT | Once daily but stopped after recovery of menstruation | Auricular points (Shenmen, internal genitalia, endocrine, pituitary)
CV6, CV4, ST30, BL18, BL23, LI4, SP10, ST30, ST36, SP6 | HRT | E2, FSH, LH, recovery of menstruation | After treatment (6 months) |
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