Ethnopharmacological Survey of Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers and Indigenous People in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh, for the Treatment of Snakebite

Table 5

Literature study of the plants surveyed having toxicity.

Scientific name	Toxic part	Toxic compound	Toxic effect	Reference
Abrus precatorius L.	Seed	Abrin, ricin	Abortifacient, inhibiting cell protein synthesis	[91]
Acorus calamus L.	Seed	Beta-asarone	Procarcinogenic	[92, 93]
Ageratum conyzoides L.	Seed	Pyrrolizidine alkaloids lycopsamine, echinatine	Liver lesions and tumors	[94–96]
Annona squamosa L.	Root, seed	Annonastin, squamozin	Roots are drastic purgative and seeds are strong eye irritant, abortifacient	[97]
Argemone mexicana L.	Seed, latex	Sanguinarine, dihydrosanguinarine	Epidemic dropsy	[98–101]
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell	Whole plant		Suppress spermatogenesis and fertility, digestive problem	[102, 103]
Calotropis gigantea (L.) Ait. f.	Root	Calotropin	Inhibit spermatogenesis, abortifacient	[104]
Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. f.	Root	Cytotoxin, calotropin, calcilin, gigantin	Ocular toxicity	[105]
Cassia occidentalis L.	Pods and beans	Pyrrolizidine alkaloid	Hepatotoxic	[106–108]
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.	Root, shoot	Vincristine, vinblastine	Hypotension, neurotoxicity, anaemia, seizure	[109]
Ficus racemosa L.	Bark	Tetracyclic triterpene derivatives	Cause abnormality of liver and kidney	[110]
Lantana camara	Leaf	Triterpene acids	Leaf extracts are cytotoxic	[111]