Trigonella foenum-graceum (Seed) Extract Interferes with Quorum Sensing Regulated Traits and Biofilm Formation in the Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila

Table 3

Effect of sub-MICs of methanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graceum (seed) on inhibition of quorum sensing regulated virulence factors in P. aeruginosa PAF-79.

Extract concentration; (g/mL)	Elastase activity^a	Total protease^b	Pyocyanin production^c	Chitinase activity^d	EPS production^e	Swarming motility^f
PAO1-MW1	0.029 ± 0.008	0.057 ± 0.004	0.29 ± 0.01	0.020 ± 0.005	0.121 ± 0.014	8 ± 0.7
Control	0.167 ± 0.025	1.039 ± 0.041	3.8 ± 0.25	0.139 ± 0.005	0.886 ± 0.036	48 ± 1.5
125	0.105 ± 0.022; (37.1)	0.564 ± 0.024; (45.7)^*	2.6 ± 0.42; (31.5)^*	0.094 ± 0.016; (32.3)	0.414 ± 0.025; (53.2)^*	39 ± 2; (18.7)
250	0.085 ± 0.021; (49.1)^*	0.547 ± 0.033; (47.3)^*	1.2 ± 0.27; (68.4)^**	0.065 ± 0.023; (53.3)^*	0.357 ± 0.019; (59.7)^**	32 ± 2; (33.3)^*
500	0.057 ± 0.016; (65.8)^*	0.499 ± 0.003; (51.9)^*	0.94 ± 0.016; (75.2)^**	0.038 ± 0.006; (72.6)^**	0.309 ± 0.031; (65.1)^**	23 ± 0.5; (52)^*
1000	0.054 ± 0.003; (67.6)^*	0.468 ± 0.010; (55)^*	0.68 ± 0.028; (82.1)^***	0.018 ± 0.004; (87)^***	0.199 ± 0.014; (77.5)^**	18 ± 3; (62.5)^*

PAO1-MW1 grown in the absence of acylated HSL was included as a negative control.
^aElastase activity is expressed as the absorbance at OD₄₉₅.
^bTotal protease activity is expressed as the absorbance at OD₆₀₀.
^cPyocyanin concentrations were expressed as micrograms of pyocyanin produced per microgram of total protein.
^dChitinase activity is expressed as the absorbance at OD₅₇₀.
^eEPS production is expressed as absorbance at OD₄₈₀.
^fSwarming motility is expressed as diameter of swarm in mm.
The data represents mean values of three independent experiments. ^*Significance at , ^**significance at , and ^***significance at .
Values in the parentheses indicate percent reduction over control.