The Effects of Mind-Body Interventions on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review

Table 2

Mind-body intervention study findings for specific diseases or conditions.


Diagnoses, symptoms, conditions	Modalities assessed	Positive findings	Mixed findings	Negative findings

Atopic dermatitis	PMR		Bae, 2012^NA,H/3

Cancer and cancer-related symptoms	Hypnosis			Carnahan, 2010^NA,U/1
	MM	Nakamura, 2013	Andersen, 2013^NA,H/1 Nakamura, 2013^A,H/1	Andersen, 2013 Lengacher, 2012^NA,H/1 Shapiro, 2003^A,H/3
	M other			Milbury, 2013^NA,U/1
	Multiple	Cohen, 2007^A/NA,U/1 Yang, 2010^A/NA,U/1
	PMR			Cannici, 1983^NA,U/1 Ducloux, 2013^NA,H/2
	Qi qong			Chen, 2013^NA,H/1
	Yoga	Carson, 2009^NA,H/2 Cohen, 2004^A,U/1 Mustian, 2013^NA,L/0 Vadiraja, 2009^A,H/0	Dhruva, 2012^NA,H/3	Bower, 2012^NA,H/1 Carson, 2009 Chandwani, 2010^NA,H/2

Cardiovascular disease	Biofeedback			Duivenvoorden, 1991^A,U/1
	GI			Casida, 2013^NA,L/0
	Multiple			Richards, 1998^A/NA,H/1
	Tai chi	Yeh, 2008^NA,U/1

Carpal syndrome	Yoga			Garfinkel, 1998^A,H/2

Chronic health condition	Biofeedback		Yilmaz, 2010^A,U/3
Chronic health condition	M other	Rybarczuk, 1999, 2001^NA,U/1

Chronic pain conditions	Hypnosis	Picard, 2013		Abrahamsen, 2008^A,H/2 Abrahamsen, 2009^A,H/2 Castel, 2012^A,H/1 Picard, 2013^NA,U/1
	Multiple		Carlson, 2001^NA,U/1 Chen, 2010^NA,U/1	Carlson, 2001 Toussaint, 2012^NA,H/1
	Qi qong	Lynch, 2012^NA,U/1	Liu, 2012^A,U/1
	Relaxation			Gustavsson, 2006^NA,L/0
	Resseguier		Bongi, 2010^NA,L/0
	Tai chi	Jones, 2012^A,L/0

Critically ill	Multiple			Richardson, 2003^NA,U/1

Depression and depressive disorders	Hypnosis	Barabasz, 1976^A,U/3
	MM		Stotter, 2013^NA,U/1	Britton, 2010^NA,L/0 Britton, 2012^NA,L/0
	M other		Chan, 2012^A/NA,U/0	Pinniger, 2013^A/NA,U/1
	Multiple	Field, 2013^NA,U/1
	PMR			Wilson 1982^A,U/1

Elderly	M other	Wiriyasombat, 2011		Wiriyasombat, 2011^NA,L/0
	Multiple	Sun, 2013^A,H/1
	Tai chi	Frye, 2007^NA,U/2 Irwin, 2008^A,H/1 Li, 2004^A,H/2 Nguyen, 2012^NA,U/1		Frye, 2007^A,U/2 Wang, 2010^A,U/0
	Yoga	Chen, 2009^NA,H/2 Chen, 2010^NA,H/1 Hariprasad, 2013^NA,U/0		Manjunath, 2005^NA,U/2

Guillain-Barre	Multiple	Sendhilkumar, 2013^NA,L/0

Healthy volunteers	Biofeedback			Ebben, 2009^NA,H/1, Lamontagne, 1975^A,H/1 Lamontagne, 1977^A/NA,H/3
	Hypnosis			Whitehouse, 1996^NA,U/3
	MM	Wolever, 2012^NA,H/1		Malarkey, 2013^A,H/1
	Multiple		Sumter, 2009^NA,U/2
	TM	Travis, 2009^NA,L/0
	Yoga	Innes, 2012^A,L/0 Wolever, 2012^NA,H/1		Sakuma, 2012^NA,H/2

Hospital admission	PMR		Francis, 2012^NA,U/0

Insomnia and sleep disorders	Biofeedback	Nicassio, 1982^NA,H/2 VanderPlate, 1983^A/NA,H/2	Levin, 1998^A,U/3	Freedman, 1976^A,U/0 Hauri, 1981^NA,H/1 Nicassio, 1982^A,H/2 Sanavio, 1988^A,H/2
	GI	Woolfolk, 1983		Woolfolk, 1983^NA,U/1
	Hypnosis	Stanton, 1989^A,H/3
	MM			Gross, 2011^A,U/1
	M other			Schoicket, 1988^A,U/1
	PMR	Borkovec, 1976 Engle-Friedman, 1992^NA,U/1 Espie, 1989^A,U/1 Greeff, 1998^NA,H/2 Lichstein, 1999^NA,U/2 Lick, 1977^A/NA,U/1 Nicassio, 1982^NA,H/2	Borkovec, 1976^A/NA,H/0 Wang, 2012^A/NA,U/1 Waters, 2003^NA,U/2	Edinger, 2001^A,L/0 Engle-Friedman, 1992^A,U/1 Espie, 1989 Freedman, 1976^A,U/0 Lacks, 1983^A,H/1 Woolfolk, 1983^NA,U/1
	Relaxation	Rybarczyk, 2002^NA,U/1		Giblin, 1983^NA,U/1 Rybarczyk, 2002^A,U/1
	Yoga	Afonso, 2012^NA,U/0		Afonso, 2012^A,U/0

Perimenopause and menopause	Yoga			Chattha, 2008^A,U/1 Elavsky, 2007^A/NA,H/1

Postmenopausal hot flashes	Hypnosis	Elkins, 2013^A,H/1 Elkins, 2008^NA,H/2
	MM	Carmody, 2011^A,H/1		Carmody, 2011
	Relaxation	Lindh-Åstrand, 2013^NA,U/1

Pregnancy	PMR			Field, 1999^A,U/1

PTSD or veterans with insomnia symptoms	Hypnosis	Abramowitz, 2008^A,H/2
	M other	Nakamura, 2011^A,U/1
	TM	Brooks, 1985^A,U/1

Stress-related disorders	Yoga		Klatt, 2009^NA,U/2	Köhn, 2013^NA,U/1

Surgeries/invasive procedures	GI		Renzi, 2000^NA,H/1
	MM	Esmer, 2010^NA,U/1 Gross, 2010^A,H/1
	Relaxation		Rambod, 2013^NA,U/1
	Yoga	Yurtkuran, 2007^NA,L/0

Tinnitus	Biofeedback			Haralambous, 1987^NA,U/1
Tinnitus	PMR			Ireland, 1985^NA,U/1

GI: guided imagery, MM: mindfulness mediation, M other: other type of mediation, Multiple: studies assessing multiple mind body modalities, PMR: progressive muscle relaxation, TM: transcendental meditation.
Superscript indices
A: active control and NA: nonactive control.
L: low risk of bias rating (Cochrane), U: unknown risk of bias rating (Cochrane), and H: high risk of bias rating (Cochrane).
0–3: quality scores provided by the authors with lowest score reflecting lowest risk of bias.
: reflecting only sustained outcome results if different from the immediate outcome results.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

The Effects of Mind-Body Interventions on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review

Table 2