Evaluation of a Topical Herbal Agent for the Promotion of Bone Healing

Figure 1

Anti-inflammatory effects of CDNR. (a, b) Effect of aqueous (CDNR(aq)) and ethanol (CDNR(e)) component of CDNR on nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW264.7 induced by LPS; (c, d, and e) Effect of CDNR(e) on TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production by RAW264.7. Data are expressed as mean and standard deviation (error bar). , , and versus Control (0 μg/mL).

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