Research Article
Association of Auricular Reflective Points and Status of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Matched Case-Control Study
Table 1
Sociodemographic data and DM-related conditions of participants.
| | | DM +ve
() | DM −ve
() | Test statistics
(McNemar test) |
| | Age (years) | 64.21 (12.05) | 63.62 (13.35) |
| | Gender | | | N/A | | Male | 70 (49.6%) | 70 (49.6%) | | | Female | 71 (50.4%) | 71 (50.4%) | | | BMI (kg/m2) | 26.31 (4.29) | 23.06 (3.14) |
| | Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.96 (0.11) | 0.86 (0.07) |
| | Comorbid illness | | |
| | Yes | 135 (95.7%) | 112 (79.4%) | | | No | 6 (4.3%) | 29 (20.6%) | | | Smoking status | | |
| | Never | 97 (68.8%) | 114 (80.9%) | | | Given up | 32 (22.7%) | 20 (14.2%) | | | Occasionally | 4 (2.8%) | 1 (0.7%) | | | Regularly | 8 (5.7%) | 6 (4.3%) | | | Alcohol consumption | | |
| | Never | 84 (59.6%) | 102 (72.3%) | | | Given up | 16 (11.3%) | 11 (7.8%) | | | Occasionally | 38 (27.0%) | 26 (18.4%) | | | Regularly | 3 (2.1%) | 2 (1.4%) | | Mean arterial pressure (MABP):
diastolic BP + (systolic − diastolic BP)/3 | 97.78 (12.74) | 94.67 (11.86) |
| | Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 137.07 (22.60) | 135.19 (19.89) |
| | Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.13 (10.61) | 74.42 (10.90) |
| | Family history of DM | | | | | Yes | 67 (47.5%) | | | | No | 74 (52.5%) | | | Duration of illness (years)
Mean (SD) | 13.31 (8.38) | | | | Presence of CV problem, including coronary heart disease and stroke | | | | | Yes | 32 (22.7%) | 9 (6.40%) | | | No | 109 (77.3%) | 132 (93.6%) | | | Presence of diabetic retinopathy | | | | | Yes | 45 (36.6%) | | | | No | 78 (63.4%) | | | | (i) Mild nonproliferative | 38 (82.6%) | | | | (ii) Moderate nonproliferative | 3 (6.5%) | | | | (iii) Severe nonproliferative | 1 (0.7%) | | | | (iv) Very severe nonproliferative | 0 (0.0%) | | | | (v) Clinically significant macular edema | 1 (0.7%) | | | | Presence of nephropathy | | | | | Yes | 32 (22.7%) | | | | No | 109 (77.3%) | | |
|
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Statistically significant.
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