Anti-Inflammatory and Antiosteoarthritis Effects of Saposhnikovia divaricata ethanol Extract: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Figure 5

Effects of SDE on the expression of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in the knee joint of rats with MIA-induced OA. Expression of (a) iNOS, (b) COX-2, (c) IL-1β, (d) IL-6, and (e) TNF-α mRNA was determined by real-time RT-PCR. and versus saline; and , versus MIA.

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