Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Report on the Medicinal Use of Eleven Lamiaceae Species in Lebanon and Rationalization of Their Antimicrobial Potential by Examination of the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Their Essential Oils

Table 4

Composition of the essential oils of the eleven Lamiaceae species.


				Coridothymus capitatus	Lavandula angustifolia	Lavandula stoechas	Mentha spicata subsp. condensata	Origanum syriacum	Rosmarinus officinalis	Salvia fruticosa	Satureja cuneifolia	Satureja thymbra	Thymbra spicata	Vitex agnus-castus
				Flowering tops EO	Flowering tops EO	Flowering tops EO	Flowering tops EO	Flowering tops EO	Leaves EO	Leaves EO	Leaves EO	Flowering tops EO	Leaves EO	Flowering tops EO
		EOs yields (%)		1.3	2.3	0.9	0.8	1.3	0.6	2.4	2.1	2.5	4.1	0.3
		Compound ID

929	1035	α-Thujene	, MS, CoGC	0.5	0.2	t	t	1.0	0.1	t	0.8	1.3	1.5	0.1
938	1076	α-Pinene	, MS, CoGC	0.3	0.7	2.2	0.2	0.5	5.4	2.6	0.3	1.2	0.5	7.1
953	1076	Camphene	, MS, CoGC	0.2	0.5	0.6	0.1	0.1	1.7	0.9	0.1	0.4	0.1	t
973	1132	Sabinene	, MS, CoGC	—	—	0.1	—	—	0.1	—	—	—	—	—
975	1312	1-Octene-3-ol	, MS	0.3	0.3	—	—	0.5	—	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	—
980	1118	β-Pinene	, MS, CoGC	0.1	0.4	0.3	—	0.1	1.9	1.5	0.1	0.4	0.1	4.4
993	1174	Myrcene	, MS, CoGC	0.8	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.9	0.9	1.3	0.7	1.1	0.9	1.0
1005	1188	α-Phellandrene	, MS, CoGC	0.2	0.1	t	0.1	0.2	—	0.1	—	0.6	0.1	0.6
1013	1159	δ-3-Carene	, MS	0.1	0.3	—	—	0.1	t	—	t	—	0.1	—
1013	1188	α-Terpinene	, MS, CoGC	1.0	—	0.2	t	1.6	0.4	0.1	1.4	1.0	1.2	0.1
1025	1280	p-Cymene	, MS, CoGC	9.0	—	—	0.1	6.9	—	—	4.1	21.7	12.2	—
1030	1203	Limonene	, MS, CoGC	—	—	—	1.0	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1034	1213	Eucalyptol	, MS, CoGC	—	8.6	9.5	—	—	21.5	57.3	—	—	—	20.5
1045	1269	cis-β-Ocimene	, MS	t	2.3	—	—	t	—	—	t	—	t	—
1050	1253	trans-β-Ocimene	, MS	t	0.3	t	t	0.1	t	t	0.1	0.1	t	0.9
1057	1255	γ-Terpinene	, MS, CoGC	4.0	0.2	0.1	t	7.6	0.9	0.2	13.3	11.1	11.6	0.2
1058	1556	cis-Sabinene hydrate	, MS	0.5	0.1	—	1.2	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
1086	1265	α-Terpinolene	, MS	0.3	0.4	—	0.1	0.1	0.7	0.1	t	0.1	0.1	0.1
1079	1401	α-Fenchone	, MS	—	—	36.2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1098	1553	Linalool	, MS	0.7	45.8	—	—	0.2	—	—	0.1	0.9	0.1	0.3
1105	1430	α-Thujone	, MS	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.0	—	—	—	—
1115	1449	β-Thujone	, MS, CoGC	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.9	—	—	—	—
1116	1584	α-Fenchol	, MS	—	—	0.7	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1117	—	trans-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol	, MS	0.1	—	—	—	—	0.2	—	—	t	t	—
1138	1475	Menthone	, MS	—	—	—	5.1	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1145	1532	Camphor	, MS, CoGC	—	11.2	18.0	—	—	15.0	4.8	—	—	—	—
1167	1719	Borneol	, MS, CoGC	0.8	7.5	0.1	—	0.1	7.9	2.1	t	0.3	0.1	—
1176	1611	Terpinen-4-ol	, MS	1.0	5.8	0.2	1.7	0.2	1.0	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
1182	1864	p-Cymen-8-ol	, MS	—	—	0.2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1189	1706	α-Terpineol	, MS	0.2	—	0.3	0.2	0.1	3.1	4.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.7
1193	1648	Myrtenal	, MS	—	—	0.2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1196	1804	Myrtenol	, MS, CoGC	—	—	0.4	—	—	—	0.1	—	—	—	—
1215	1772	Citronellol	, MS	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	t
1217	1725	Verbenone	, MS	—	—	0.3	—	—	11.8	—	—	—	—	—
1217	1845	trans-Carveol	, MS	—	t	—	—	—	0.1	t	—	—	—	—
1227	1698	Myrtenyl acetate	, MS	—	—	1.0	t	—	0.2	—	—	—	—	—
1233	1662	Pulegone	, MS, CoGC	—	—	—	78.7	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1235	1857	Geraniol	, MS, CoGC	0.1	—	—	—	—	0.1	—	—	—	—	0.1
1239	1607	Thymol methyl ether	, MS	1.0	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1245	1975	Carvacrol methyl ether	, MS	0.7	—	—	—	0.1	—	—	1.4	0.1	t	—
1259	1665	Linalyl acetate	, MS	—	4.6	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1284	1597	Bornyl acetate	, MS, CoGC	—	0.1	0.5	0.1	—	7.0	0.5	—	—	—	t
1293	2198	Thymol	, MS, CoGC	29.3	—	—	—	74.4	—	0.4	—	44.5	0.4	—
1299	2239	Carvacrol	, MS, CoGC	41.5	—	t	—	—	0.2	0.4	69.5	5.3	64.0	t
1333	1709	α-Terpinyl acetate	, MS	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.2	—	—	—	1.2
1343	1748	Piperitone	, MS	—	t	—	0.1	—	0.1	t	—	—	—	—
1353	2186	Eugenol	, MS, CoGC	0.1	—	—	—	t	0.2	t	t	0.1	t	—
1377	1497	α-Copaene	, MS,	—	—	1.1	—	—	—	—	t	—	—	—
1415	1612	β-Caryophyllene	, MS, CoGC	1.8	0.6	0.2	2.8	1.1	6.3	8.3	—	1.2	0.5	6.6
1437	1628	Aromadendrene	, MS	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.3	0.1	0.1	—	—
1452	1668	α-Humulene	, MS	—	—	0.2	0.1	0.1	2.6	1.5	—	—	—	0.2
1455	1689	β-Farnesene	, MS	0.1	—	—	0.3	—	—	—	—	—	—	16.1
1463	1661	Alloaromadendrene	, MS	0.1	—	0.3	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1464	1685	γ-Gurjunene	, MS	t	—	0.2	—	—	—	0.1	t	—	—	1.2
1477	1726	Germacrene D	, MS	—	0.4	—	0.2	t	—	—	0.4	—	—	—
1487	1679	α-Amorphene	, MS	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.2	—	—	—	0.2
1491	1756	Bicyclogermacrene	, MS	—	—	—	0.4	—	—	—	0.6	—	—	11.8
1508	1741	β-Bisabolene	, MS	0.2	—	—	—	0.2	0.2	—	2.1	—	—	—
1526	1773	δ-Cadinene	, MS	0.1	—	1.8	t	0.1	—	0.3	0.1	t	t	0.3
1553	2076	α-Copaene-8-ol	, MS	—	—	4.7	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1565	2057	Ledol	, MS,	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.9
1577	2008	Caryophyllene oxide	, MS, CoGC	0.8	0.3	1.4	0.6	0.3	0.7	0.8	—	2.0	0.8	—
1591	2104	Viridiflorol	, MS,	—	—	3.6	—	—	—	1.1	—	—	—	0.3
1625	2088	1-epi-Cubenol	, MS	—	—	1.8	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1640	2188	τ-Cadinol	, MS	—	0.2	—	—	0.2	—	—	—	—	—	—
1642	2209	τ-Muurolol	, MS	—	—	1.8	—	t	—	—	t	—	—	—
1645	2145	Torreyol	, MS	—	—	1.2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1649	2256	α-Cadinol	, MS	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.3
1677	2256	Cadalene	, MS	—	—	0.6	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1688	2229	α-Bisabolol	, MS, CoGC	—	0.1	—	—	t	—	—	0.1	—	—	0.2
1689	2276	Vulgarol B	, MS	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	4.7
1948	—	Cembrene A	, MS	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.8
1950	2603	Phytol	, MS	—	—	—	0.1	—	0.1	—	0.1	—	—	—
1974	2408	Sclarene	, MS	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	5.1
1987	2447	(E)-Geranyl linalool	, MS	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	3.1

		Monoterpene hydrocarbons		17.0	5.9	3.7	3.1	19.6	12.3	6.9	21.1	39.2	28.6	14.6
		Oxygenated monoterpenes		75.8	83.9	67.6	85.9	75.6	68.4	74.6	71.5	51.7	65.2	23.1
		Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons		2.3	1	4.4	3.8	1.5	9.1	11.7	3.3	1.3	0.5	36.4
		Oxygenated sesquiterpenes		0.8	0.6	15.1	0.6	0.5	0.7	1.9	0.1	2.0	0.8	7.4
		Diterpene hydrocarbons		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	7.9
		Oxygenated diterpenes		—	—	—	0.1	—	0.1	—	0.1	—	—	3.1

		Total identified		95.9	91.4	90.8	93.5	97.2	90.6	95.1	96.1	94.2	95.1	92.5

Notes: Bold numbers indicate the percentages higher than 2% to show main components; t = trace, less than 0.05%.
index on a HP-5MS column. index on an Innowax column; retention index identical to bibliography; MS: identification based on comparison of mass spectra. Co-GC: retention time identical to authentic compounds.