Immunomodulatory Efficacy of Standardized Annona muricata (Graviola) Leaf Extract via Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Figure 1

Identification of major components in the steam and 50% ethanol GE. GE were analyzed by UPLC/ESI-MS and the absorbance was measured at 340 nm (a). Major peaks were fingerprinted by identifying major (b) and found to be quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (c).

(a) Ultra-performance liquid chromatogram: UV spectrum

(b) ESI-MS¹ fingerprint

(c)