Review Article

Medicinal Plants from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Used as Immunostimulants

Table 3

Plant extracts with immunostimulatory effects tested using in vivo assays.

FamilyScientific namePlant partExtractModel of immunosuppression and duration of the experiment [range of dose tested]Immunostimulatory effects (compared to immunosuppressed mice)Reference

AnacardiaceaeAmphipterygium adstringens (Schltdl.) Standl.BkH2OBALB/c mice bearing lymphoma L5178Y for 10 days [10 mg/kg p.o.]Proliferation of splenocytes (2.0-fold) at 10 mg/kg[51]
AsteraceaeTridax procumbens L.ApH2OImmunocompetent Swiss mice for 6 days [250 and 500 mg/kg i.p.]Increase of leukocyte number (1.4-fold) at 500 mg/kg
Increase in phagocytic index (0.3-fold) at 500 mg/kg
[22]
BignoniaceaeTabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) G. NicholsonLvH2O : EtOH (1 : 1)Wistar rats immunized with sheep red blood cells for 17 days [1000 mg/kg p.o.]Increase of leucocyte number (1.2-fold) at 1000 mg/kg[24]
CactaceaeLophocereus schottii (Engelm.) Britton & RoseSmEtOHBALB/c mice bearing lymphoma L5178Y for 22 days [10 mg/kg p.o.]Proliferation of lymphocytes (0.2-fold) at 10 mg/kg[25]
MolluginaceaeMollugo verticillata L.ApEtOHMice inoculated with 0.1 mg Bacillus Calmette–Guérin for 7 days [500 mg/kg p.o.]NO production (3.1-fold) at 500 mg/kg[52]
PhytolaccaceaePetiveria alliacea L.ApH2OBALB/c mice treated with 5-fluorouracil for 4 days [400 and 1200 mg/kg p.o.]Increase of leukocyte number (1.4-fold) at 1200 mg/kg[53]
SantalaceaePhoradendron serotinum (Raf.) M. C. Johnst.LvEtOHC57BL/6 mice bearing TC-1 tumor for 25 days [1–10 mg/kg i.p.]Production of IFN-γ (1.3-fold), IL-2 (2.1-fold), and IL-6 (2.1-fold) at 10 mg/kg[41]
UrticaceaePhenax rugosus (Poir.) Wedd.LvH2O : EtOH (1 : 1)Wistar rats immunized with sheep red blood cells for 17 days [1000 mg/kg p.o.]Increase of leucocyte number (1.5-fold) at 1000 mg/kg[24]

Solvent used for the extract: EtOH: ethanol; H2O: aqueous. Plant part: Rb: root bark; Tb: tubercle; Lv: leaves; Wp: whole plant; Ap: aerial parts; Sm: stem; Bk: bark.