Substitutes for Bear Bile for the Treatment of Liver Diseases: Research Progress and Future Perspective

Table 1

The presence of various bile salts in some animal biles [72–75].

Animal	Bile salts
Bear	TUDC, TC, TDC, TCDC
Dog	TC, TCDC, TDC
Cattle	TC, TDC, TCDC, TLC, GC, GDC, GCDC, GLC, AC
Pig	TC, TDC, TCDC, THC, THDC, GC, GDC, GCDC, GHC, GHDC, GHOC
Snake	TPC, TC, TDC
Rabbit	GDC, TC, TDC, TCDC
Chicken	TC, TCDC, TAC
Fish	TCDC, TC, TDC, AC
Goose	TCDC, TPHC, TBC
Duck	TCDC, TPHC, TBC
Mouse	TC, TDC, TCDC, T-β-MC, T-ω-MC, TUDC

TUDC: tauroursodeoxycholate; TC: taurocholate; TDC: taurodeoxycholate; TCDC: taurochenodeoxycholate; TLC: taurolithocholate; GC: glycocholate; GDC: glycodeoxycholate; GCDC: glycochenodeoxycholate; GLC: glycolithocholate; AC: allocholate; THC: taurohyocholate; THDC: taurohyodeoxycholate; GHC: glycohyocholate; GHDC: glycohyodeoxycholate; GHOC: glyco-3α-hydroxy-6-oxo-5β-cholate; TPC: tauropythocholate; TAC: tauroallocholate; TBC: taurobitocholate; TPHC: taurophocacholate; T-β-MC: tauro-β-muricholate; T-ω-MC: tauro-ω-muricholate.