Evaluation of Toxicological Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Shells from the Pecan Nut Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch and the Possible Association with Its Inorganic Constituents and Major Phenolic Compounds

Table 2

Evaluation of the genotoxic activity of pecan shell aqueous extract (PSAE) using comet assay in blood tissue of mice.

Sampling schedule	Treatment group	DI (mean ± SD)	DF (mean ± SD)
24 h	Vehicle	23.2 ± 5.0	11.6 ± 4.8
	PSAE 50 mg kg^−1	22.5 ± 11.8	9.2 ± 3.6
	PSAE 100 mg kg^−1	23.6 ± 7.4	12.8 ± 3.6
	PSAE 200 mg kg^−1	34.5 ± 9.0	17.0 ± 9.5
72 h	Vehicle	24.0 ± 5.2	11.8 ± 3.6
	PSAE 50 mg kg^−1	27.4 ± 14.5	16.6 ± 12.6
	PSAE 100 mg kg^−1	35.0 ± 20.3	21.5 ± 14.0
	PSAE 200 mg kg^−1	28.2 ± 13.7	15.5 ± 9.8
	Positive control	234.1 ± 62.2	92.6 ± 9.8

NaCl 0.9% + DMSO 5% (dimethyl sulfoxide).
Hydrogen peroxide 0.25 mM (ex vivo treatment: slides from vehicle group treated for 5 min with H₂O₂ 0.25 mM).
DI: damage index, from zero (no damage, 0 × 100 cells) to 400 (with maximum damage, 4 × 100).
DF: damage frequency, calculated based on the number of cells with damage versus those without damage.
: significant difference in comparison with the vehicle group (ANOVA, Dunnett’s test).