Evaluation of Toxicological Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Shells from the Pecan Nut Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch and the Possible Association with Its Inorganic Constituents and Major Phenolic Compounds

Table 3

Evaluation of the genotoxic activity of ellagic acid (EA) and gallic acid (GA) using comet assay in blood tissue of mice.

Sampling schedule	Treatment group	DI (mean ± SD)	DF (mean ± SD)
24 h	Vehicle	53.6 ± 16.9	45.8 ± 11.1
	Ellagic acid
	EA 10 mg kg^−1	54.5 ± 15.9	24.2 ± 3.6
	EA 50 mg kg^−1	50.2 ± 6.8	26.5 ± 3.6
	EA 100 mg kg^−1	51.8 ± 4.6	21.6 ± 9.5
	Gallic acid
	GA 10 mg kg^−1	65.4 ± 19.4	37.8 ± 14.4
	GA 50 mg kg^−1	64.7 ± 16.7	30.7 ± 18.8
	GA 100 mg kg^−1	40.2 ± 13.6	22.7 ± 10.6
72 h	Vehicle	55.8 ± 16.3	24.8 ± 5.6
	Ellagic acid
	EA 10 mg kg^−1	58.6 ± 17.3	26.8 ± 5.2
	EA 50 mg kg^−1	60.8 ± 16.4	26.0 ± 6.1
	EA 100 mg kg^−1	41.0 ± 5.8	19.0 ± 2.5
	Gallic acid
	GA 10 mg kg^−1	58.4 ± 10.2	24.6 ± 4.5
	GA 50 mg kg^−1	31.5 ± 5.7	17.0 ± 2.2
	GA 100 mg kg^−1	50.6 ± 5.0	21.6 ± 3.0
	Positive control	254.7 ± 55.2	96.0 ± 6.4

NaCl 0.9% + DMSO 5% (dimethyl sulfoxide).
Hydrogen peroxide 0.25 mM (ex vivo treatment: slides from vehicle group treated for 5 min with H₂O₂ 0.25 mM).
DI: damage index, from zero (no damage, 0 × 100 cells) to 400 (with maximum damage, 4 × 100).
DF: damage frequency, calculated based on the number of cells with damage versus those without damage.
: significant difference in comparison with the vehicle group (ANOVA, Dunnett’s test).