Evaluation of Toxicological Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Shells from the Pecan Nut Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch and the Possible Association with Its Inorganic Constituents and Major Phenolic Compounds

Table 4

Mutagenic activity of pecan shell aqueous extract (PSAE), ellagic acid (EA), and gallic acid (GA) evaluated using micronucleus test in bone marrow of mice.

Treatment group	MNPCE in 2,000 PCE	PCE/NCE ratio
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Vehicle	3.8 ± 1.3	1.3 ± 0.9
Positive control	10.7 ± 2.5	1.0 ± 0.3
PSAE 50 mg kg^−1	1.0 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 0.3
PSAE 100 mg kg^−1	3.2 ± 1.6	2.2 ± 1.6
PSAE 200 mg kg^−1	4.7 ± 2.5	1.8 ± 0.6
EA 10 mg kg^−1	4.0 ± 0.0	1.7 ± 0.3
EA 50 mg kg^−1	4.6 ± 2.3	1.6 ± 0.2
EA 100 mg kg^−1	1.6 ± 1.2	1.6 ± 0.4
GA 10 mg kg^−1	5.5 ± 1.9	2.5 ± 0.9
GA 50 mg kg^−1	2.7 ± 1.0	1.2 ± 0.2
GA 100 mg kg^−1	2.6 ± 0.9	1.4 ± 0.3

MNPCE: micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocytes.
PCE/NCE ratio: polychromatic erythrocytes/normochromatic erythrocytes ratio.
Cyclophosphamide 25 mg kg⁻¹.
: significant difference in comparison with the vehicle group (ANOVA, Dunnett’s test).