Health-Promoting Properties of Eucommia ulmoides: A Review

Table 1

Compounds isolated from various parts of Eucommia ulmoides.

Category	Compounds	References
Bark of Eucommia ulmoides
Lignans	(+)-1-Hydroxypinoresinol-4′,4′′-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[35]
	(+)-1-Hydroxypinoresinol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[36]
	(+)-1-Hydroxypinoresinol-4′′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[36]
	(+)-Epipinoresinol	[37]
	(+)-l-Hydroxypinoresinol	[37]
	(+)-Medioresinol	[37]
	(+)-Medioresinol-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[38]
	(+)-Pinoresinol	[37]
	(+)-Pinoresinol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[38]
	(+)-Pinoresinol-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[39]
	(+)-Pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1–6)-β-D-glucopyranoside	[40]
	(+)-Syringaresinol	[37]
	(+)-Syringaresinol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[35]
	Eucommin A (+)-medioresinol-4′-β-D-glucopyranoside	[35]
	Liriodendrin (+)-syringaresinol-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[38]
Phenolics	Astragalin	[11, 41]
	Isoquercetin	[11, 42]
	Quercetin	[41]
	Quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hyperin)	[41]
	Quercetin-3-O-xyloglucoside	[42]
	Rutin	[11–24]
	Wogonside	[43]
	(−)-Epieateehin	[24]
	(±)-Threo-guaiacyl glycerol	[36]
	Caffeic acid	[44]
	Catechin	[24]
	Chlorogenic acid	[11, 24]
	Coniferol	[37]
	Erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl aldehyde ether	[37]
	Eucophenoside	[45]
	Methyl chlorogenate	[37]
	Protocatechuic acid	[46]
	Threo-guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl aldehyde ether	[37]
	Vanillic acid	[47]
Iridoids	Deoxyeucommiol	[48]
	Eucommiol-II	[48]
	Eucommiside-I	[48]
	Genipin	[37]
	Geniposide	[48]
	Geniposidic acid	[11, 48]
Monoepoxylignans	(−)-Olivil-4′,4′′-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[35]
	(+)-Cycloolivil	[36]
	(+)-Olivil	[36]
	(+)-Olivil-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[36, 49]
	(+)-Olivil-4′′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[36]
Neolignans	Citrusin B	[50]
	Dehydrodiconiferylalcohol-4,γ′-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[50]
	Dihydroxydehydrodiconiferyl alcohol	[37]
	Erythro-dihydroxydehydrodiconiferyl alcohol	[37]
	Threo-dihydroxydehydrodiconiferyl alcohol	[37]
Sesquilignans	(−)-HedyotolC-4′,4′′′-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[48]
	Syringylglycerol-β-syringaresinol ether-4′′-4′′′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[50]
	Syringylglycerol-β-syringaresinol ether-4′′-4′′′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[50]
Steroid and terpenoid	1,4α,5,7α-Tetrahydro-7-hydroxymethyl-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylicmethyl ester	[19]
	Betalin	[47]
	Betulic acid	[47]
	Daucosterol	[51]
	Eucommidiol	[19]
	Rehmaglutin C	[19]
	Ursolic acid	[47]
Others	(αR)-α,4,2′,4′-Tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone	[43]
	(αR)-α-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-4,2′,4′-trihydroxydihyd	[43]
	4,2′,4′-Trihydroxychalcone	[43]
	Eucomman A	[52]
	Eucomman B	[23]
	n-Oetaeosanoic acid	[24]
	Quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranoside	[53, 54]
	Tetraeosanoie-2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester	[24]
Leaves of Eucommia ulmoides
Phenolics	Astragalin	[11, 41]
	Hirsutin	[17]
	Isoquercetin	[11, 42]
	Kaempferol	[17]
	Kaempferol-3-O-6′′-acetyl-glucoside	[55]
	Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside	[11]
	Quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranoside	[53, 54, 56]
	Rutin	[11, 24]
	Ajugoside	[57]
	Asperuloside	[11]
	Asperulosidic acid	[58]
	Aueubin or aueuboside	[57]
	Deacetyl asperulosidic acid	[58]
	Eucommiol	[57]
	Eucommioside	[59]
	Eucomoside A	[11]
	Eucomoside B	[11]
	Eucomoside C	[11]
	Geniposidic acid	[11, 36]
	Harpagide acetate	[57]
	Reptoside	[57]
	Scandoside-10-O-acetate	[11]
	Ulmoside	[59, 60]
	3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl) propionic acid	[60]
	3(3-Hydroxyphenyl-propionic acid)	[60]
	3,4-Dihydrobenzonic acid	[17]
	Caffeic acid	[37, 61]
	Chlorogenic acid methylester	[62]
	Eatechol	[60]
	Isochlorogenic acid A	[42]
	Isochlorogenic acid C	[42]
	p-trans-Coumaric acid	[58]
	Pyrogallol	[58]
Monoepoxylignans	(+)-Olivil-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	[36, 49]
Steroid and terpenoid	Loliolide	[18]
	Ulmoidol	[63]
Others	Ethyl glucopyranoside	[21]
Seeds of Eucommia ulmoides
Iridoids	Ulmoidoside A	[64]
	Ulmoidoside B	[64]
	Ulmoidoside C	[64]
	Ulmoidoside D	[64]
Phenolics	Dihydrocaffeic acid	[64]
Stems of Eucommia ulmoides
Phenolics	Coniferin	[44]
	Koaburaside	[44]
	Syringin	[44]