Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines against Ischemic Injury in In Vivo Models of Cerebral Ischemia

Table 1

TCMs downregulate microglial activation in the inflammatory cascade in ischemic stroke models.

TCMs	Isolated from the Chinese herb (Chinese name)	Anti-inflammatory actions	Models	References
Paeonol	Mu Dan	ED1↓, IL-1β↓	MCAo; 1.5 h of ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion	[20]
Tetramethylpyrazine	Chuan Xiong	MPO↓, ED1↓, PGE2↓	MCAo; 1.5 h of ischemia followed by 72 h of reperfusion	[21]
Tetramethylpyrazine	Chuan Xiong	MCP-1↓	MCAo; 1.5 h of ischemia followed by 72 h of reperfusion	[22]
Andrographolide	Chuan Xin Lian	NF-κBp65↓, TNF-α↓, IL-1β↓, PGE2↓	Permanent MCAo; 24 h of ischemia	[23]
Sophora japonica L	Huai Hua	ED1↓, IL-1β↓	MCAo; 1.5 h of ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion	[24]
Isoflavones	Ge Gen	COX-2↓, GFAP↓, OX-42↓	MCAo; 2 h of ischemia followed by 2 or 7 d of reperfusion	[25]

ED1, CD68 (macrophage marker); MPO, myeloperoxidase; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; OX-42, CD11b (microglial activation marker).