Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines against Ischemic Injury in In Vivo Models of Cerebral Ischemia

Table 2

TCMs suppress leukocyte infiltration in the inflammatory cascade in ischemic stroke models.

TCMs	Isolated from the Chinese herb (Chinese name)	Anti-inflammatory actions	Models	References
Emodin	Da Huang	ICAM-1↓, TNF-α↓, IL-1β↓	MCAo; 6 h of ischemia	[31]
Ferulic acid	Dang Gui or Chuan Xiong	ICAM-1↓, ICAM-1 mRNA↓, MPO↓, NF-κBp50↓,	MCAo; 1.5 h of ischemia followed by 2 or 24 h of reperfusion	[32, 33]
Bu-yang Huan-wu decoction	Huang Qi, Dang Gui, Shao Yao, Chuan Xiong, Tao Ren, Hong Hua, Di Long	CD11b↓	MCAo; 0.5 h of ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion	[34]
Persimmon leaf flavonoid	Shi Zhi Ye	ICAM-1↓	MCAo; 2 h of ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion	[35]
Cordyceps sinensis	Dong Chong Xia Cao	ICAM-1↓, TNF-α↓, IL-1β↓, NF-κBp50↓, iNOS↓, COX-2↓	MCAo; 2 h of ischemia followed by 22 h of reperfusion	[12]
FuLing-BaiZhu-DangGui	Fu Ling, Bai Zhu, Dang Gui	TNF-α↓, IL-1β↓, IL-8↓, MPO↓, NF-κB↓	Repetitive BCCAo; 10 min of ischemia (repeat 2 times) followed by 24 h of reperfusion	[36]
Borneol	Bing Pian	ICAM-1↓, TNF-α↓	MCAo; 2 h of ischemia followed by 22 h of reperfusion	[37]

ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; BCCAo, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion.