Methanol and Butanol Extracts of Paeonia lutea Leaves Repress Metastasis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Figure 2

Apoptosis-induced effects of P. lutea leaf extracts. SAS cells were grown in a monolayer or on soft agar culture. Methanol (ME), ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (BU), butanol-insoluble (BW), and water (W) extracts of P. lutea leaves were added to the culture medium at 1 to 100 μg/mL ((a) and (b)), 10 to 100 μg/mL (c), or 0 μg/mL (control). After 3 d, the cells were subjected to caspase 3/7, 8, and 9 assays (a), a DNA ladder assay (b), or Western blotting analysis for apoptosis-related proteins (p53, Bcl-2, Bcl-, Bax, Bad, Bid, Bak, and XIAP) using GAPDH as an internal control (c). Data in (a) are means ± standard deviations of 3 cultures; the mean of the control cultures is taken as “1.” versus control.

(a)

(b)

(c)