Nanog Predicts Poor Prognosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer and Is Downregulated by QingyihuaJi Formula in Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells

Table 2

Univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors influencing overall survival in 47 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma undergoing surgery.

Parameter	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	HR	95% CI	p value	HR	95% CI	p value
Age	1.1	0.5–2.4	0.53
Gender
Male
Female	0.79	0.4–1.3	0.176
Tumor range
Confined
Invasion of adjacent organ	3.3	1.65–7.21
Distal metastasis	4.1	2.65–10.69	0.61
Tumor size
≤4 cm
>4 cm	2.1	1.8–4.9	0.041	1.3	0.57–3.77	0.19
Tumor location
Head
Body and tail	0.455	0.17–1.10	0.057
TNM stage
I and II
III and IV	4.0	1.2–8.3	<0.001	8.9	3.6–53.5	0.32
Differentiation
Well and moderate
Poor	8.5	4.3–76.9	0.55
Liver metastasis
Yes
No	5.8	1.5–14.9	0.0013	6.6	0.89–14.2	0.062
Nanog expression
Strong
Moderate	1.55	0.55–4.11		1.56	0.60–4.11	<0.001
Weak	3.0	0.4–20.1		3.0	0.77–20.5	0.0013
Absent	7.65	5.21–32.3	<0.001	8.10	4.22–25.0	<0.01

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval. denotes statistical significance.