Metabolic Syndrome Increases the Risk for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.

Study

Study design and population

Ethnic

MetS criteria

OA criteria

Number of KOA/control

Age (KOA/control)

Gender

Waist circumference (KOA/control) (cm)

Weight (KOA/control) (kg)

BMI (KOA/control) (kg/m^2)

Adjusted OR, 95% CI

Adjusted variables

Engström et al. 2009 [7]

Population-based cohort

Sweden

NCEP-ATPIII

A first knee arthroplasty or high tibial osteotomy and diagnosis of OA (715 or M17 according to ICD-9 and ICD-10)

89/5082

(59.7 ± 5.3)/(57.6 ± 6.0)

Male and female

NE

NE

28.9 ± 4.6/25.7 ± 3.9

1.1 (0.7–1.8)

Age, sex (all participants), smoking, CRP, physical activity, BMI

Han et al. 2013 [8]

Case-control

Korean

NCEP-ATPIII

NR

270/1964

(64.5 ± 10.1)/(53.2 ± 11.0)

Male and female

85.0 ± 9.5/82.7 ± 8.7

58.3 ± 9.5/62.0 ± 10.1

24.6 ± 3.3/23.8 ± 3.1

NE

NE

Inoue et al. 2011 [9]

Cross-sectional

Japan

NCEP-ATPIII

K-L grade

251/532

NR

Male and female

Male: 84.5 ± 7.9/84.6 ± 7.4; Female: 84.6 ± 7.4/80.5 ± 8.2

NE

male: 23.6 ± 2.8/23.5 ± 2.7; female: 23.8 ± 3.6/22.3 ± 2.7

NE

NE

Michishita et al. 2008 [10]

Cross-sectional study

Japan

NCEP-ATPIII

K-L grade

35/37

(60.1 ± 6.7)/(58.6 ± 5.3)^#

female

91.7 ± 8.0/87.2 ± 9.0

68.9 ± 10.0/60.9 ± 8.2

28.2 ± 3.7/26.2 ± 2.8

NE

NE

Puenpatom and Victor 2009 [11]

Case-control

American

NCEP-ATPIII

K-L grade

975/6739

Age 18–65 years: (43.1% versus 92%); Age >65 years: (56.9%/9.8%)

NE

NE

NE

NE

1.05 (1.03–1.07)

Age, controlled for BMI

Shin 2014 [12]

Cross-sectional study

Korean

NCEP-ATPIII

K-L grade

919/1444

67.2 ± 8.4/61.0 ± 8.1

Male

85.3 ± 8.8/82.2 ± 8.9

61.0 ± 10.2/60.6 ± 9.9

24.7 ± 3.2/23.5 ± 2.9

0.92 (0.74–1.13)

Age, sex, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, BMI

Visser et al.2015 [13]

Population-based prospective cohort

Netherlander

NCEP-ATPIII

ACR criteria

663/5170

58/55

Male and female

NE

80.4 ± 12.6/77.8 ± 10.2

26.9 ± 0.08/25.5 ± 2.5

1.08 (0.85–1.39)

Age, sex, smoking, education, ethnicity, height, weight

: and #: ; K-L grade: Kellgren-Lawrence grade; NR: not recorded; and NE: not evaluated. Values are presented as mean ± SD.