Review Article

Phytochemicals and Medicinal Properties of Indigenous Tropical Fruits with Potential for Commercial Development

Table 4

Terpenes and terpenoids in selected indigenous tropical fruits.

FruitMalaysiaOther countries

Averrhoa bilimbiTerpenes (% area): limonene (0.4%), linalool (0.2%), α-terpineol (0.5), (E,E)-α-farnesene (1.3%) [16]Terpenes (mg/kg): α-pinene (<0.01), p-cymene (0.02), limonene (0.12), 1,8-cineole (0.02), γ-terpinene (0.02), terpinolene (<0.01), α-terpineol (0.03), δ-cadinene (0.03), α-calacorene (0.01) [19]

Baccaurea macrocarpaNo report from the literatureNo report from the literature

Baccaurea motleyanaTerpenes (minor components) [74]No report from the literature

Bouea macrophyllaTerpenes (% area): (E)-β-ocimene (68.59%), α-pinene (8.04%) [75]No report from the literature

Canarium odontophyllumSaponin derivatives (in defatted dabai pulp and peel) [24]No report from the literature

Cynometra caulifloraNo report from the literatureNo report from the literature

Durio kutejensisNo report from the literatureNo report from the literature

Garcinia hombronianaNo report from the literatureTriterpenoids: 17,14-friedolanostanes [(24E)-3α-hydroxy-17,14-friedolanostan-8,14,24-trien-26-oic acid; methyl (24E)-3α,23-dihydroxy-17,14-friedolanostan-8,14,24-trien-26-oate; methyl (24E)-3α,9,23-trihydroxy-17,14-friedolanostan-14,2 4-dien-26-oate]; lanostanes [3β- and 3α-hydroxy-23-oxo-9,16-lanostadien-26-oic acid] [76]

Garcinia parvifoliaNo report from the literatureNo report from the literature

Mangifera foetidaOxygenated monoterpenes (20.3% area) [77]Triterpenes: mangiferenes A and B [78]

Mangifera pajangMonoterpenes (% area): α-pinene (67.2%) and α-phellandrene (11.0%) [79]No report from the literature

Phyllanthus emblicaTerpenoids and saponins [37]Terpenoids (% area): β-caryophyllene (5.39%), β-bourbonene (38.23%) [80]

Syzygium jambos Monoterpenes (% area): linalool (3.58), myrcene (2.44%), geraniol (2.25%), citronellol (0.74%), nerol (0.39%), α-terpineol (0.33%), cis-rose oxide (0.27%), geranial (0.19%), limonene (0.15%), (E)-β-ocimene (0.13%), trans-rose oxide (trace) [80]
Sesquiterpenes (% of essential oil): α-cubebene (0.29%), δ-cadinene (0.17%) [81]
Terpenoids: geraniol, nerol, linalool, hotrienol, citronellol, rose oxides [82]
Monoterpene: linalool (16.5-37.51 ppb) [83]

Syzygium malaccenseMonoterpenes (% area): limonene (0.71%), linalool (0.14%), geraniol (0.06%), nerol (trace) [81]
Sesquiterpenes (% area): δ-cadinene (0.5), α-selinene (0.1%), humulene (0.09%) [81]
No report from literature

Ziziphus mauritianaNo report from the literatureSaponin: 7.13% [49]