|
| Fruit | Bioactives | Medicinal properties | Experimental models |
|
| Averrhoa bilimbi | Flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids | Antihypercholesterolemic [96] | Triton-induced hypercholesterolemic rats |
| Antibacterial [98, 114] | Disc diffusion method: Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria |
| Antidiabetes [97] | Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats |
|
| Baccaurea macrocarpa | No report from the literature |
|
| Baccaurea motleyana | Phenolic compounds | Antimicrobial (peel) [102] | Disc diffusion method: Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungus, and yeast |
|
| Bouea macrophylla | No report from the literature |
|
| Canarium odontophyllum | Flavonoids and anthocyanins | Antiatherosclerosis [99] | Cholesterol-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits |
|
| Cynometra cauliflora | Phenolic compounds | Antileukemic [103] | Human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 and normal mouse fibroblast NIH/3T3 cell cultures |
|
| Durio kutejensis | Not reported | Antimelanogenesis effect [115] | Tyrosinase assay and melanin inhibition in B16 melanoma cell cultures |
|
| Garcinia hombroniana | Phenolic compounds | Inhibition of platelet aggregation and LDL-peroxidation [26] | Human whole blood from healthy subjects: in vitro LDL oxidation and antiplatelet aggregation assay. |
|
| Garcinia parvifolia | Phenolic compounds | Antimicrobial [116] | Well diffusion method: pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria |
|
| Mangifera foetida | No report from the literature |
|
| Mangifera pajang | Phenolic compounds and carotenoids | Antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic [36] | Cholesterol-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbit model |
| Anticancer (kernel) [117] | MTT assay: HepG2, HT-29 and Caov3 cultures |
| Hepatoprotective effect [107] | HepG2 cell culture and western blot method |
|
| Phyllanthus emblica | Phenolic compounds | Gastric ulcer healing effect [118] | Indomethacin-induced ulceration of rats |
| Anticlastogenicity [119] | Cochran-Armitage trend test: bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice treated with lead and aluminum |
| Antiproliferative [120] | MTT assay: MCF-7 tumor cell culture |
| Antimicrobial [41] | TLC-bioautographic method: drug-resistant bacteria and yeast |
| Anticancer [121] | In vitro cytotoxicity assays: human lung carcinoma (A549) and HepG2 cell lines |
| Antiaging effect [122] | In vitro MMP-1, MMP-2, and elastase inhibition assays: inhibitions of collagenase and elastase |
| Chondroprotection [123] | In vitro enzymatic assays: explant cultures of cartilage from osteoarthritis patients |
|
| Syzygium jambos | Phenols, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids | Antifungal (seed) [124] | Disc diffusion method: microbroth dilution technique (Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, and Candida albicans) |
|
| Syzygium malaccense | Phenolic compounds and terpenes | Antimicrobial [125] | Disc diffusion method: test bacteria on Mueller Hinton Agar, and yeast on Potato Dextrose Agar |
|
| Ziziphus mauritiana | Phenolic compounds and saponin | Antihyperglycemic, antidiarrhoeal, and hepatoprotective [126] | Glucose overloaded hyperglycemic rats, castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice, and tetrachloromethane-induced liver damage in rats, respectively |
| Anticancer [46] | Neutral red assay: cytotoxicity of various cultivars of jujube against different cancer cell lines
Apoptosis detection by flow cytometry |
|
