A 70% Ethanol Extract of Mistletoe Rich in Betulin, Betulinic Acid, and Oleanolic Acid Potentiated β-Cell Function and Mass and Enhanced Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity
Table 3
Insulin secretion capacity during hyperglycemic clamp.
Control ()
KME-W ()
KME-E ()
Normal-control ()
Serum insulin at basal state (ng/mL)
0.84 ± 0.11
0.90 ± 0.12
1.09 ± 0.16
1.46 ± 0.21
Serum insulin at first phase (ng/mL)
2.74 ± 0.30
3.11 ± 0.35
3.87 ± 0.43
4.75 ± 0.51
Serum insulin at second phase (ng/mL)
3.02 ± 0.31
3.05 ± 0.32
3.43 ± 0.36
3.78 ± 0.40
AUC of insulin at first phase (ng/mLmin)
19.3 ± 2.1
20.5 ± 2.3
26.2 ± 3.1
32.8 ± 3.6
AUC of insulin at second phase (ng/mLmin)
186 ± 20
176 ± 20
202 ± 22
230 ± 24
Glucose infusion rate (mg/kg bw/min)
12.2 ± 1.5
14.0 ± 1.7
16.2 ± 2.1
26.5 ± 3.2
Insulin sensitivity (µmol glucose⋅ min−1⋅100 g−1 per µmol insulin/L)
10.9 ± 1.4
13.3 ± 1.7
13.4 ± 1.7
19.2 ± 2.3
Values are mean ± SD. Diabetic Px rats were fed with high-fat diets supplementing (1) 0.6% water extract of Korean mistletoe (KMW-W), (2) 0.6% of 70% ethanol extract (KME-E), or (3) 0.6% dextrose (Control). Sham-operated rats were provided with a high-fat diet containing 0.6% dextrose as a normal-control. Values in the same row with different superscripts were significantly different in Tukey test at .
