Garlic Attenuates Plasma and Kidney ACE-1 and AngII Modulations in Early Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Renal Clearance and Blood Pressure Implications

Figure 10

Endocrinal, biochemical, and physiological changes in DR/NS (compared to NR/NS) and DR/GE (compared to DR/NS). The schematic suggests that in early STZ-induced hypoinsulinemia the ensuing hyperglycemia leads to an increase in plasma ACE-1 and, as a result and simultaneously, plasma AngII with a concomitant decrease in kidney ACE-1 and, hence, kidney AngII. As a result of these modulations, BP, water intake, serum creatinine, and renal clearance of water, albumin, and creatinine increased significantly; in addition body weight and serum albumin decreased significantly. Conversely and as seen in the DR/GE group, treatment with GE significantly attenuated and counteracted the modulations observed in the DR/NS. DR/NS: diabetic rats treated with normal saline; DR/GE: diabetic rats treated with garlic extract; ACE-1: angiotensin converting enzyme type-1; AngII: angiotensin II; BP: blood pressure; body wt: body weight; urine ot pt: urine output; serum albm: serum albumin; urine Cr: urine creatinine; water in tk: water intake; ClCr: clearance of creatinine; ↑: increase in concentration or amount; ↓: decrease in concentration or amount; ▼/↓: leads to; straight-lined-arrows: suggestions made depending on the data of this study; dotted-lined-arrows: scientific facts.