Research Article
Formulation of Propolis Phenolic Acids Containing Microemulsions and Their Biopharmaceutical Characterization
Table 7
The fluxes of phenolic compounds from propolis microemulsions into skin layers after 24 hours.
| Phenolic compounds | Flux () | PME (3 : 1) containing 7% IMP | PME (3 : 1) containing 6% IMP and 1% pine needle essential oil | PME (3 : 1) containing 6% IMP and 1% spruce needle essential oil |
| Epidermis | | | | Vanillic acid | BLD | BLD | BLD | Caffeic acid | BLD | BLD | BLD | Vanillin | BLD | BLD | BLD | -Coumaric acid | BLD | ALD | ALD | Ferulic acid | BLD | BLD | BLD | Dermis | | | | Vanillic acid | ALD | BLD | ALD | Caffeic acid | BLD | BLD | ALD | Vanillin | 0.43 ± 0.10 | 0.49 ± 0.13 | 0.62 ± 0.14 | -Coumaric acid | 0.28 ± 0.10 | 0.34 ± 0.11 | 0.36 ± 0.10 | Ferulic acid | ALD | ALD | 0.35 ± 0.12 |
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ALD: above limit of detection. BLD: below limit of detection.
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