Review Article

Genus Tinospora: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

Table 1

Classic prescriptions of genus Tinospora in traditional and clinical usages.

SpeciesPreparation name/formulationMain compositionsMedicinal usesReferences

T. sinensisDecoctionLiquidambar formosana Hance 
Speranskia tuberculata (Bge.) Baill.
Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels 
Clematis chinensis Osbeck 
Bombyx mori Linnaeus 
Cinnamomum cassia Presl 
Achyranthes bidentata Bl.
Spatholobus suberectus Dunn 
Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.
Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) 
Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag.
Knee joint osteoarthritis [14]

T. sinensisQutan Tongluo Tang (通络汤)Arca subcrenata Lischke 
Arisaema cum Bile
Drynaria fortune (Kunze) J. Sm.
Dipsacus asper Wall. ex Henry 
Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels 
Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai 
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.
Paeonia lactiflora Pall.
Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang 
Angelica pubescens Maxim. F. biserrata Shan et Yuan 
Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne.
Lumbar disc herniation [15]

T. sinensisHuoxue Shujin Xunxifang (活血舒筋熏洗方)Clematis chinensis Osbeck 
Sparganium stoloniferum Buch.-Ham.
Curcuma phaeocaulis Val.
Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil.
Carthamus tinctorius L.
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.
Achyranthes bidentata Bl.
Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.
Aucklandia lappa Decne.
Ankylosis [16]

T. sinensisSisheng Tang (四生)Rheum palmatum L.
Clematis chinensis Osbeck 
Speranskia tuberculata (Bge.) Baill.
Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai 
Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott 
Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.
Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.
Fracture [17]

T. sinensisFumigationLycopodium japonicum Thunb.
Speranskia tuberculata (Bge.) Baill.
Spatholobus suberectus Dunn 
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch 
Carthamus tinctorius L.
Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels  Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.
Ankle fracture [18]

T. sinensisDecoctionVisceral leishmaniasis [19]

T. capillipesJinguo Heji (金果合)Scrophularia ningpoensis Hensl.
Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC.
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.
Ophiopogon japonicas (L.f.) Ker Gawl.
Apis cerana Fabricius
Pharyngitis[20]

T. capillipesSoaking solutionInfusion phlebitis [21]

T. capillipesPowderUpper respiratory tract infection 
Acute tonsillitis 
Laryngopharyngitis 
Acute gastroenteritis 
Pneumonia 
Tracheitis
 [22]

T. cordifoliaDecoctionBerberis aristata
Terminalia chebula
Zingiber officinale
Experimental amoebic liver abscess [29]

T. cordifoliaDecoctionPhyllanthus niruri
Terminalia belerica
Terminalia chebula
Phyllanthus emblica
Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity [30]

T. cordifoliaDecoctionDiabetic foot ulcers [31]

T. cordifoliaDecoctionAllergic rhinitis [32]

T. cordifoliaDecoctionObstructive jaundice, tuberculosis, sepsis, breast cancer [27]

T. cordifoliaDecoctionBoerhavia diffusa
Berberis aristata
Terminalia chebula
Zingiber officinale
Entamoeba histolytica [33]

T. cordifoliaDecoctionZingiber officinale
Withania somnifera
Tribulus terrestris
Rheumatoid arthritis [34]