Acupuncture for Chronic Urinary Retention due to Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review

Table 1

Characteristics of included studies.

Study ID	Sample size (T/C)	Age, y	Etiology	Disease course	Intervention	Control	Treatment duration	Follow-up	Outcomes
Gao et al. 2013 [28]	70	T: 37.20 ± 7.09	SCI	T: 48.34 ± 10.12 d	Acupuncture + RT, 30 min, Qd	RT	8 wk	No	PVR
	35/35	C: 35.20 ± 8.12		C: 46.03 ± 8.33 d
Qu 2013 [29]	132	T: 8–66	SCI	T: 1 mon–3 y	EA + AIC 20 min, Qd	AIC	2 wk	No	RR
	66/66	C: 11–71		C: 2 mon–3 y
Wu and Li 2012 [30]	132	T: 8–66	SCI	T: 13.6 ± 3.9 mon	EA + AIC 20 min, Qd	AIC	2 wk	No	RR
	68/64	C: 11–71		C: 14.3 ± 4.4 mon

T = treatment group; C = control group; SCI = spinal cord injury; RT = rehabilitation training; EA = electrical acupuncture; AIC = aseptic intermittent catheterization; PVR = postvoid residual; RR = response rates.