Evaluation of the Effects of Pinus koraiensis Needle Extracts on Serum Lipid and Oxidative Stress in Adults with Borderline Dyslipidemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Table 1
Anthropo- and health-related subjects by treatment group at the baseline.
Placebo ()
PKE ()
Age (years)
Sex, M/F (, %)
5 (38.5)/8 (61.5)
6 (30.0)/14 (70.0)
Body mass index (kg/m2)
Waist circumference (cm)
Waist-to-hip ratio
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Smoking (, %)
3 (23.1)
2 (10.0)
Cigarette/day
Alcohol consumption (, %)
10 (76.9)
14 (70.0)
Amount (g/week)
Exercise regularly (, %)
8 (61.5)
9 (45.0)
Duration (min/week)
(1) Values are mean ± SD or (%). No significant difference between the two groups by Student’s -test.
