Acupuncture Alters Expression of Insulin Signaling Related Molecules and Improves Insulin Resistance in OLETF Rats

Table 1

Primers for real-time PCR.

Gene	Primer (-)	Product length (bp)
β-actin	F: CCTAGGCACCAGGGTGTGAT	122
	R: TTGGTGACAATGCCGTGTTC
Akt2	F: CTCTGTAGCAGAATGCCAGC	103
	R: ATGGAAGGTCCTCTCGATGA
aPKCζ	F: CAGTGAAGGTGACCCTTGTA	75
	R: GGACGAAGTGCTCATCATCC
aPKCλ	F: GCTCACTCCAGATGATGATG	120
	R: GGCAGTAAGCAGAATCAGAC
GLUT4	F: GTTGGTCTCGGTGCTCTTAG	151
	R: GGCCACGATGGACACATAAC
PI3K-p85α	F: ATACTTGATGTGGCTGACGC	110
	R: AATCCTCGTCATCGTCTACC
IRS1	F: CTGGACGTCACAGGCAGAAT	110
	R: CGTGAGGTCCTGGTTGTGAA
IRS2	F: GCCACCGTGGTGAAAGAGTA	183
	R: CCTGCCTCTTGGTTCCTTAT

F: forward; R: reverse.
IRS1: insulin receptor substrate 1; IRS2: insulin receptor substrate 2; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase; PKC: protein kinase C; GLUT4: glucose transporter 4; Akt2: protein kinase B beta.