Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

In Vitro TNF- Inhibitory Activity of Brazilian Plants and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Stryphnodendron adstringens in an Acute Arthritis Model

Table 2

Inhibition of TNF-α release by LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells induced by the ethanolic extracts of Brazilian plants.


Plant species	Plant part	Extraction yield (%)	Concentration (µg/mL)	Inhibition of TNF-α (% ± SD)

Control			DMSO (0.1% v/v)	11.72 to 42.06 pg/mL
			LPS (100 ng/mL)	1523.96 to 3694.08 pg/mL
			Dexamethasone (0.1 µM)	86.7 ± 1.1

Bowdichia virgilioides	Leaves	39.7	250	−6.9 ± 4.7
			125	−21.9 ± 13.6
			62.5	−46.0 ± 9.4
	Stem	34.2	250	−21.1 ± 6.4
			125	−118.2 ± 2.4
			62.5	−83.8 ± 9.7

Campomanesia lineatifolia	Leaves	37.8	250	41.1 ± 3.1
			125	4.9 ± 0.3
			62.5	−15.6 ± 0.6
	Stem	32.7	250	−78.2 ± 5.1
			125	−49.6 ± 8.8
			62.5	−37.2 ± 7.1

Cordia guazumaefolia	Leaves	22.1	250	ND
			125	ND
			62.5	ND
	Stem	18.8	250	ND
			125	ND
			62.5	ND

Hymenaea courbaril	Leaves	13.8	250	98.6 ± 1.5
			125	28.6 ± 9.7
			62.5	98.6 ± 23.7

Hymenaea stigonocarpa	Leaves	8.8	250	98.5 ± 0.6
			125	35.5 ± 6.0
			62.5	−11.9 ± 0.9

Licania tomentosa	Leaves	29.4	250	−21.9 ± 4.6
			125	−60.8 ± 10.1
			62.5	−70.2 ± 7.1

Mikania glomerata	Leaves	16.0	250	12.3 ± 12.3
			125	−17.8 ± 2.7
			62.5	−20.4 ± 2.3
	Stem	18.7	250	ND
			125	ND
			62.5	ND

Paepalanthus bromelioides	Leaves	7.7	250	−36.4 ± 15.9
			125	−18.5 ± 53.2
			62.5	−25.6 ± 24.7

Stryphnodendron adstringens	Bark	44.8	250	42.1 ± 3.1
			125	19.3 ± 0.5
			62.5	−9.4 ± 0.8

Stryphnodendron obovatum	Bark	33.1	250	54.2 ± 3.0
			125	31.6 ± 1.8
			62.5	4.4 ± 0.1

Terminalia glabrescens	Leaves	26.3	250	42.2 ± 5.3
			125	26.5 ± 3.0
			62.5	−0.9 ± 0.1
	Stem	29.1	250	−5.3 ± 11.3
			125	−8.31 ± 41.5
			62.5	−16.8 ± 28.2

Vernonia phosphorea	Leaves	31.2	250	96.2 ± 1.1
			125	13.8 ± 0.7
			62.5	−23.6 ± 0.4

Vitex polygama	Leaves	36.4	250	−35.3 ± 6.3
			125	−93.2 ± 3.1
			62.5	−66.7 ± 9.0
	Stem	32.1	250	−56.7 ± 6.6
			125	−48.2 ± 6.9
			62.5	−36.4 ± 2.3

Concentrations of TNF-α measured in the control (0.1% DMSO) or LPS-stimulated cells.
ND: not determined (cell viability < 90%).