The Versatile Effects of Dihydromyricetin in Health

Table 1

The biological activities of dihydromyricetin.

Cell types/animals	Biological activities	Ref
Mesenchymal stem cells	Radical scavenging↑	[8]
Cardiac fibroblast	ROS↓; MDA↓; ; SOD↑; thioredoxin↑; total anti-oxidant capacity↑; proliferation↓; collagen synthesis↓	[10]
Cardiomyocyte	ROS↓; MDA↓; NO↓; ; SOD↑; total anti-oxidant capacity↑; cGMP↑; hypertrophy↓	[11]
Rats	motor dysfunction↓; learning and memory impairments↓; MDA↓; glucose metabolism↑; SOD↑; Bcl-2↑; Bax↓; Cleaved Caspase-3↓	[12]
Rats and HT-22 cells	PGC-1α↑; TFAM↑; SIRT3↑; FOXO3 deacetylation↑; ROS↓; synaptic plasticity↑; oxidative stress↓; mitochondrial function↑	[13]
HK-2 cells	MDA↓; CAT↑; SOD↑; Bcl-2↑; IL-1β↓; IL-6↓; TNF-α↓; MCP-1↓	[14]
MG63 cells	ROS↓; caspase-3↓; caspase-9↓	[15]
HUVECs	ROS↓; p53↓; Bcl-2↑; Bax↓; caspase-3↓; caspase-9↓; PARP↓	[16]
	ox-LDL↓; IL-6↓; TNF-α↓; PPARα↑; LXRα↑; ABCA1↑; lipid accumulation↓; ROS↓; NO2↓	[17]
C57BL/6 mice	Nrf2/HO-1↑; CYP2E1↓; p62↑; Keap1↓; LC3-II↑; Beclin 1↑	[18]
RAW2264.7	IKKβ↓; p-IKKα/β↓; p-p65↓; COX-2↓; iNOS↓	[19]
	p-NF-κB↓; p-p38↓; p-JNK↓	[20]
HeLa cells	p-IκBα↓; p-p65↓; TRAF2↓; RIP1↓; c-IAP2↓; Bcl-2↓; TRAF1↓; iNOS↓; cyclin D1↓; COX-2↓; ICAM-1↓; MMP-9↓; VEGF↓	[21]
Mouse	IL-4↓; IL-5↓; IL-13↓; IgE↓; IgG1↓	[22]
HepG2 cells	ROS↓; GSH↓; ATP↓; caspase-9↑; caspase-8↑; caspase-3↑; HO-1↑; BAK↑; Bcl-2↓	[23]
	p-Akt-Ser473↓; p-Bad-Ser112/Ser136↓; Bax↑; Bad↑	[24]
	TGFβ↓; p53↑; Bcl-2↓	[25]
	AMPK↑; p-ERK1/2↓; p-Akt↓; mTOR↓; autophagy↑	[26]
Hepal-6 cells	TGFβ/Smad3↓; NOX4/ROS↓	[27]
SK-Hep-1 cells	MMP-9↓; p-p38↓; p-ERK1/2↓; p-JNK↓; PKC-δ↑	[28]
A2780; SKOV3	p53↑; survivin↓	[29]
HCT116/L-OHP	MRP2↓; erythroid 2 p45 related factor 2↓	[30]
Osteosarcoma	p21↑; AMPKα-GSK-3β-Sox2↑	[31]
SK-MEL-28 cells	p21↑; p53↑; cdc2↓; p-cdc-2↓; cdc25A↓; Bax↑; IKKα↓; p65↓; p-p38↓	[32]
HepG2; Hep3B	Chk1/Chk2/cdc25C↑	[33]
Gastric cancer cell	p53↓; Bcl-2↑	[34]
NSCLC	ROS↑; ERK1/2↑; JNK1/2↑	[35]
SK-MEL-28	ROS↑; p-NF-κB↑	[36]
Diabetic mice	Beclin1↑; Atg7↑; Bcl-2↑; LC3 II/LC3 I↑; p62↓; caspase-3/-9↓; p-AMPK↑; p-ULK1↑	[37]
Liver I/R injury	BECN1↑; LC3↑; Atg5↑; Atg12↑; FOXO3a↑	[38]
HNSCC	ROS↑; STAT3↑; Beclin1↑; LC3↑; p62↑	[39]
Diabetic fatty rats	p-PPARγ-Ser273↓; ERK/CDK5↓; insulin resistance↓	[40]
C2C12 myotubes	p-IRS-1↑; p-AKT↑; AMPK-PGC-1α-Sirt3↑; autophagosomes↑	[41, 42]
	AMPK↑; PGC-1α↑; FNIP1↓	[43]
LDLr^−/− mice	ox-LDL↓; IL-6↓; TNF-α↓; PPARα↑; LXRα↑; ABCA1↑; hyperlipidemia↓; foam cell↓; cholesterol efflux↓	[17]
Rats; humans	irisin↑; FNDC5↑; PGC-1α↑	[44]
AD rats	miR-34a↓; p53/p21↓; Sirt1↑; p-mTOR-Ser2448↑; autophagy↑	[45]
PD rats	ROS↓; GSK-3β↓	[46]
LPS-induced rat kidney	blood urea nitrogen↓; molecule-1↓; MDA↓; apoptosis↓	[47]
Rat liver	JNK↑; inflammation↓; apoptosis↓; proliferation↑	[48]
B16F10	MAPK↓; cAMP/PKA↓; PKC↓; CREB↓; MITF↓	[49]
Rats	glucose uptake↑; GLU1↑; Krebs↑; insulin resistance↓; CS↑; SDHA↑; DLST↑; serine↓; leucine↓; asparagine↓; SSA↓; 5-L-glutamyl-alanine↓; L-methylhistidine↓; p-IRS-Ser612↓; Akt↑; AMPK↑; GSK-3β↓; G6Pase↓; PEPCK↓	[50]
L02; HepG2 cells	TG↓; TC↓; ROS↓; AMPK↑; AKT↑; PPARγ↑	[51]
Humans	glucose↓; LDL-C↓; GGT↓; alanine↓; AST↓; Apo B↓; TNF-α↓; CK-18 fragment↓; FGF21↓	[52]
Rats; H9c2	PI3K/Akt↑; HIF1α↑; Bcl-2↑; Bcl-XL↑; Bax↓; Bnip3↓; cleaved caspase-3/-9↓; cytochrome c↓	[53]
PC12 cells	oxidative stress↓; calcium overload↓; p-AMPKα↑	[54]