Maoto, a Traditional Japanese Herbal Medicine, Inhibits Uncoating of Influenza Virus

Figure 2

Maoto inhibited influenza virus propagation in vitro. All cell lines infected with influenza viruses (moi = 1) were cultured for 24 hr; then culture supernatants were assayed for the titer of infectious virus. (a) A549 cells infected with PR8 were cultured with various concentrations of maoto, laninamivir, or amantadine. (b) Left: A549 cells infected with PR8 were cultured with the components of maoto, Ephedra Herb (130 µg/ml), Apricot Kernel (130 µg/ml), Cinnamon Bark (100 µg/ml), or Glycyrrhiza Root (40 µg/ml), according to their weight ratios in maoto (Table 1). Right: A549 cells treated with the control, daikenchuto, another Kampo medicine, were infected with PR8 (moi = 1). (c) A549 cells infected with A/California/7/2009 (H1N1, pdm09), A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2), or B/Brisbane/60/2008 were cultured with or without maoto. (d) MEF, HeLa, or HaCat cell lines infected with PR8 were cultured with or without maoto. versus medium only.

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