Review: DNA Barcoding and Chromatography Fingerprints for the Authentication of Botanicals in Herbal Medicinal Products

Table 4

Example of some chemometric methods used for the analysis of HMPs.

Types of HMPs	Medicinal value	Methods of analysis	Chemometrics method	Reference
Basil (Ocimum sp.)	Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties	HPLC-DAD	PCA	Grayer et al. [112]
Radix Isatidis (Isatis indigotica)	Influenza, epidemic hepatitis, and epidemic encephalitis B	RP-HPLC	HCA	Zou et al. [73]
Artemisia selengensis Turcz.	Diminishing inflammation, relieving a cough, and stimulating the appetite	HPLC–PAD	PCA, HCA	Peng et al. [113]
Flos Lonicerae Japonicae	Treatment of bacterial and virus diseases, inflammation, and fever	HPLC-DAD	HCA	Li et al. [114]
Polygala japonica Houtt.	Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antidepressant agent	HPLC-DAD-ELSD	PCA	Hong-Lan et al. [115]
Cassia obtusifolia L. or Cassia tora	Improving eyesight and medicinal values as a cathartic and diuretic	HPLC-DAD	PCA, PLS, BP-ANN, and RBF-ANN	Lai et al. [116]
Ocimum americanum, O. citriodorum	Strong fungicidal activity, antioxidant activity	HPLC-DAD	PCA	Vieira et al. [117]
Ziziphus jujuba Mill	Immunity stimulant and antitumour activities	HPLC-DAD	PCA, HCA	Guo et al. [118]
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus	Eliminating sputum and dispersing painful abdominal mass	HPLC-DAD	PCA, HCA, SA	Xu et al. [87]

PCA: principal component analysis; HCA: hierarchical clustering analysis; PLS: partial least squares; BP-ANN: back propagation artificial neural network; RBF-ANN: radial basis function artificial neural network; HPLC-DAD: liquid chromatography-diode-array detector; HPLC-PDA: liquid chromatography photodiode-array; HPLC-DAD-ELSD: liquid chromatography-diode-array detector-evaporative light scattering detection; HPLC-APCI-MS: liquid chromatography–atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry; RP-HPLC: reverse-phase liquid chromatography; LDA: linear discriminant analysis; SA: similarity analysis; PLS: partial least square.