Adulteration and Contamination of Commercial Sap of Hymenaea Species

Figure 1

(a) Samples in the packaging in which they were acquired and (b) dry residues obtained after lyophilization. The authentic sap is listed as Hm-1, Hs-1, and Hs-2 and those obtained by decoction of the stem bark as Hm-sb1, Hs-sb1, and Hs-sb2. Commercial samples are listed as Js-1-Js-6. Samples Hs-1, Hs-2, Hs-sb1, and Hs-sb2 belong to H. stigonocarpa and Hm-1 and Hm-sb1 to H. martiana.

(a)

(b)