Inhibitory Activity of Ficus deltoidea var. trengganuensis Aqueous Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced TNF-α Production from Microglia

Figure 2

Effects of FD on CD40 expression in LPS-treated BV2 cells. BV2 cells were preincubated in a medium containing 0, 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL FD for 24 h and then activated by 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h. The CD40 expression on BV2 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. CD40⁺ BV2 cells in 4 mg/mL FD were decreased significantly compared to LPS treatment alone. The results shown were from one representative experiment of three independent experiments performed. (a) Normal medium; (b) FD (4 mg/mL); (c) LPS (1 μg/mL); (d) LPS + FD (1 mg/mL); (e) LPS + FD (2 mg/mL); (f) LPS + FD (4 mg/mL).