Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Ethnopharmacological Evaluation of Breu Essential Oils from Protium Species Administered by Inhalation

Table 2

Relative (%) chemical composition of the collected air after 1 and 15 minutes of nebulization of each formulation.


Formulations according to major compounds				A		B		C		D		E
S.N.	Substance			Percentage (%)
S.N.	Substance			1 min	15 min	1 min	15 min	1 min	15 min	1 min	15 min	1 min	15 min

(1)	α-Thujene	924	927	1.2	0.8	1.2	0.6	1.1	0.5	—	—	1.2	0.8
(2)	α-Pinene	932	934	4.3	1.9	19.2	8.5	3.7	1.7	5.2	—	68.8	49.2
(3)	Camphene	946	949	0.2	—	0.3	—	0.6	—	—	—	1.1	0.7
(4)	Verbenene	961	969	0.9	0.2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
(5)	Sabinene	969	973	—	—	0.3	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
(6)	trans-p-Menthane	973	975	—	—	—	—	0.3	—	0.8	—	—	—
(7)	β-Pinene	974	980	—	—	3.5	1.0	—	—	—	—	9.5	7.7
(8)	2-Menthene	—	980	0.8	0.4	—	—	—	1.7	—	—	—	—
(9)	3-p-Menthene	984	984	—	—	—	—	1.1	0.7	—	—	—	—
(10)	Myrcene	988	990	0.8	0.5	—	0.6	—	—	—	—	—	—
(11)	Bornane	—	1001	—	—	2.1	1.9	—	—	—	—	—	—
(12)	α-Phellandrene	1002	1005	13.4	11.7	19.4	18.8	17.8	13.9	—	—	—	—
(13)	Mix (δ-3-carene and iso-sylvestrene)	1011	1011	59.0	56.4	16.7	16.7	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.5	—	—
(14)	α-Terpinene	1014	1017	0.9	0.5	3.6	3.7	7.2	5.8	—	—	0.5	0.6
(15)	1-p-Menthene	1021	1022	0.6	0.1	0.4	—	0.4	—	0.9	—	—	—
(16)	p-Cymene	1022	1026	8.2	7.1	20.6	22.5	27.9	23.4	18.8	6.6	5.3	6.2
(17)	Mix (limonene and β-phellandrene)	1024	1028	4.3	3.8	6.9	8.2	11.3	10.6	33.4	6.4	5.5	6.8
(18)	1,8-Cineole	1026	1031	1.6	1.1	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
(19)	γ-Terpinene	1054	1059	—	—	0.2	—	0.2	—	—	—	1.4	2.1
(20)	m-Cymenene	1082	1085	—	—	0.1	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
(21)	Terpinolene	1086	1088	0.3	0.2	—	0.7	0.2	0.8	1.1	—	0.3	0.4
(22)	p-Cymenene	1089	1092	—	—	0.2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
(23)	Linalool	1098	1102	0.3	0.1	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
(24)	cis-p-Menth-2en-1-ol	1118	1123	—	—	0.1	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
(25)	Camphor	1141	1146	0.4	1.6	0.3	2.1	—	—	—	—	1.3	4.3
(26)	trans-Dihydro-α-terpineol	1143	1147	—	—	0.3	2.1	5.9	7.2	6.2	12.6	—	—
(27)	cis-Dihydro-α-terpineol	1164	1162	—	—	—	—	0.2	—	—	—	—	—
(28)	p-Mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol	1166	1167	0.4	1.8	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
(29)	Terpinen-4-ol	1174	1178	—	—	—	—	0.3	—	—	—	0.4	2.1
(30)	p-Cymen-8-ol	1179	1182	0.3	1.8	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
(31)	α-Terpineol	1186	1191	0.7	6.9	0.3	6.1	0.6	1.2	15.4	68.9	0.9	10.1
(32)	γ-Terpineol	1199	1199	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.0	—	—	—
(33)	α-Cubebene	1345	1351	—	—	—	—	1.0	3.3	—	—	—	—
(34)	Cyclosativene	1369	1370	—	—	—	—	—	1.1	—	—	—	—
(35)	α-Copaene	1374	1377	—	—	—	—	0.2	0.7	—	—	—	—
(36)	Cyperene	1398	1398	—	—	—	—	0.3	0.8	—	—	—	—
(37)	α-Cedrene	1410	1414	—	—	—	—	0.2	—	—	—	—	—
(38)	α-cis-Bergamotene	1411	1416	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.2	2.2
(39)	β-Caryophyllene	1417	1423	—	—	—	—	0.5	1.6	—	—	—	—
(40)	β-Cedrene	1419	1420	—	—	—	—	0.5	1.6	—	—	—	—
(41)	trans-α-Bergamotene	1432	1437	—	—	—	—	0.4	1.4	—	—	—	—
(42)	α-Guaiene	1437	1444	—	—	—	—	0.2	—	—	—	—	—
(43)	Aromadendrene	1439	1448	—	—	—	—	0.1	0.4	—	—	—	—
(44)	β-Barbatene	1440	1445	—	—	—	—	0.1	0.4	—	—	—	—
(45)	α-Neo-clovene	1452	1455	—	—	—	—	0.4	1.2	—	—	—	—
(46)	Khusimene	1453	1454	—	—	—	—	0.4	1.2	—	—	—	—
(47)	α-Neocallitropsene	1474	1481	—	—	—	—	0.5	1.8	—	—	—	—
(48)	γ-Gurjunene	1475	1480	—	—	—	—	0.5	1.8	—	—	—	—
(49)	γ-Muurolene	1478	1478	—	—	0.1	1.9	0.2	—	—	—	—	—
(50)	Germacrene D	1480	1483	—	—	—	—	0.1	—	—	—	—	—
(51)	cis-β-Guaiene	1492	1496	—	—	—	—	0.1	—	—	—	—	—
(52)	trans-β-Guaiene	1502	1513	—	—	—	—	0.1	0.4	—	—	—	—
(53)	Cuparene	1504	1509	—	—	—	—	0.1	0.4	—	—	—	—
(54)	γ-Cadinene	1513	1515	—	—	—	—	1.7	6.2	—	—	—	—
(55)	δ-Cadinene	1522	1525	—	—	—	—	0.3	1.2	—	—	—	—
(56)	(E)-γ-Bisabolene	1529	1533	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.1	2.5
(57)	trans-Cadina-1,4-diene	1533	1541	—	—	—	—	0.3	1.2	—	—	—	—
(58)	1,10-di-epi-Cubenol	1618	1620	—	—	—	—	0.3	—	—	—	—	—
Monoterpene hydrocarbons		—	—	96.5	84.7	94.7	83.2	74.5	61.7	62.9	15.5	93.6	74.5
Oxygenated monoterpenes		—	—	2.1	12.1	1.0	10.3	7.0	8.4	22.6	81.5	2.6	16.5
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons		—	—	—	—	0.1	1.9	8.2	26.7	—	—	0.3	4.7
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes		—	—	—	—	—	—	0.3	—	—	—	—	—

Components listed in order of elution of the HP-5 column. Tentative identification. Bold characters represent major compounds. S.N. means substance number. Monoterpene hydrocarbons: S.N. (1)–(22); oxygenated monoterpenes: S.N. (23)–(32); sesquiterpene hydrocarbons: S.N. (33)–(57); oxygenated sesquiterpenes: S.N. (58). , retention indices obtained in the literature; , linear retention indices calculated from a homologous series of n-alkanes C₇–C₂₆. Percentage was obtained by normalizing the FID peaks area.