Acu-TENS Reduces Breathlessness during Exercise in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Table 2

Comparison of outcome measures from Walk 1 (no intervention) and Walk 2 (either Acu-TENS or Sham-TENS) on each of the intervention days.

	Acu-TENS; ()			Sham-TENS; ()			Between-group difference (Acu-TENS minus Sham-TENS); (95% CI); value	⁢Repeated measure ANOVA
	Walk 1	Walk 2	Within-group difference; (95% CI); value	Walk 1	Walk 2	Within-group difference; (95% CI); value			value
Dyspnoea
At isotime (points)			−0.8; (−0.2 to −1.4)			0.1; (−0.4 to 0.6)	−0.9; (−0.2 to −1.6)	7.9	0.01
End of ESWT (points)			−0.5; (−0.1 to −0.8)			−0.1; (−0.4 to 0.3)	−0.4; (−0.1 to −0.8)	5.4	0.03
ESWT
Time (seconds)			42; (−8 to 92)			36; (−18 to 90)	6; (−58 to 69)	0.03	0.86
Distance (metres)			49; (−18 to 116)			37; (−18 to 93)	21; (−62 to 104)	0.12	0.74

Data are presented as mean ± SD. ESWT = endurance shuttle walk test.