Ethanol Extract of Mylabris phalerata Inhibits M2 Polarization Induced by Recombinant IL-4 and IL-13 in Murine Macrophages

Figure 2

Repolarization to M1 by EMP in M2 macrophages. (a) Effect of EMP on mRNA expression in M2 macrophages. BMM were pretreated with IL-4 (20 ng/mL) + IL-13 (20 ng/mL) for 6 h to polarize to M2 and then EMP was added for 18 h. The amounts of mRNA were quantified by real-time RT-PCR. The expression levels of mRNA were normalized by dividing the values by the GAPDH intensity. (b) CD86+ and CD68+ BMM after EMP treatment were analyzed by flow cytometry. (C) Arginase-1 expression was determined by Western blotting. ND = not detected. Values are indicated as the mean ± SEM. , , and compared with the 0 (CON, EMP nontreated) samples.

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