Glucose Metabolic Changes in the Brain and Muscles of Patients with Nonspecific Neck Pain Treated by Spinal Manipulation Therapy: A [¹⁸F]FDG PET Study

Table 1

Brain metabolic changes associated with the spinal manipulation therapy intervention.

Anatomical region	Coordinates , , and (mm)	Brodmann area	Cluster equiv.	Voxel score
Activation
Broca’s area	−34, 6, 28	44	110	5.84
ACC	2, 8, 40	32	228	5.72
SSAC	16, −26, 48	5	114	5.65
Wernicke’s area	46, −48, 20	22	30	5.52
VAC	−6, −88, 38	19	31	5.32
CV	6, −62, −4	—	14	5.28
VC (V2)	24, −80, 6	18	17	5.24
Deactivation
IPL	−40, −40, 34	39/40	286	6.74
FP	−2, 68, −8	10	160	6.66
IFG PT	40, 28, 16	45	117	6.53
PSMA	30, 14, 44	6	348	6.34
PMC (M1)	−28, −18, 56	4	45	6.12
FEF/dl-PFC	−30, 12, 44	8/9	157	5.93
dl-PFC	−38, 26, 24	46	309	5.70
AG/FG	−40, −60, 8	39/37	177	5.58
ITG	−70, −22, −20	20	20	5.66
TP	40, 22, −44	38	12	5.64
CV (V1)	−14, −66, 24	17	46	5.29

Brain metabolic changes detected by SPM8 are presented (voxel height threshold with corrections for multiple comparisons, extent threshold 10 voxels minimum). The statistical significance of regional metabolic changes is given as scores .
ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; SSAC, somatosensory association cortex; VAC, visual association cortex; CV, cerebellar vermis; VC, visual cortex; IPL, inferior parietal lobule; FP, frontal pole; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; PT, pars triangularis; PSMA, premotor area/supplementary motor area; PMC, primary motor cortex; FEF, frontal eye field; dl-PFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; AG, angular gyrus; FC, fusiform gyrus; ITG, inferior temporal gyrus; TP, temporal pole.