|
| | Effects on CSCs | Mechanisms |
|
| Sulforaphane [64] | Inhibiting CSC self-renew | |
| Wusan granules [65], centralizer class of anticancer traditional Chinese medicine [35] | Inhibiting CSCs proliferation | |
| Xiantansanjie [66] | Inhibiting CSCs proliferation | Inhibiting Notch-1 pathway |
| Bufalin [40] | Inhibiting CSCs proliferation, differentiation, and sphere formation | miR-148a downregulated DNMT1 and p27 |
| Sanguinarine [67] | Inhibiting CSC proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis | Inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway |
| Ethanol extract of HDW [30, 66], sulforaphane [68] | Inhibiting sphere formation | Inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway |
| Resveratrol [69], brucine [70] | Inhibiting sphere formation | |
| Honokiol [41] | Inhibiting sphere formation | Inducing AMPK phosphorylation |
| Curcumin [48], ursolic acid [33] | Inhibiting sphere formation | Inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation |
| Ursolic acid [71] | Inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis | Inhibiting EMT |
| Extract from Sophora flavescens [72], Feiyanning [44] | Inhibiting CSCs proliferation and inducing apoptosis | Inhibiting Wnt pathway |
| Pien Tze Huang [73] | Inhibiting the viability and promoting the apoptosis and differentiation | suppressing the Notch-1 pathway |
| Ginsenoside Rg3 [36], ginsenoside F2 [61], Huangqintang [74], Ligustrazine, tanshinone IIA [75] | Inducing CSC apoptosis | |
| Nanorealgar [34] | Inducing CSC apoptosis | Activating caspase-3 |
| Fuzheng Jiedu, verticine, peiminine [76] | Inducing CSC apoptosis | Inhibiting EMT, downregulating TGF-β/Smad pathway |
| Sulforaphane [42] | Inducing CSC apoptosis | Activating caspase-3, inhibiting FKHR phosphorylation |
| Sijunzitang [43] | Inducing CSC apoptosis | Upregulating the expression of apoptosis protein BAX and downregulating Bcl-2 |
| Rottlerin [77] | Inducing CSC apoptosis | Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and activating caspase in cascade |
| Evodiamine [46] | Arresting CSC cell cycle | Activating p53-p21-Rb pathway |
| Yiqijiedu [47] | Arresting CSC cell cycle, inhibiting the expression of CSC marker, and inducing apoptosis | |
| Jieduxiaozhengyin, Fuzhengyiliu [78], ginsenoside Rg3 [79], tetrandrine [80], curcumin [49] | Inhibiting the expression of CSC marker | |
| Resveratrol [52] | Inhibiting the expression of Nanog and Oct4 | |
| Sulforaphane[50] | Inhibiting the expression of Nanog and Oct4 | Inhibiting Shh pathway |
| Honokiol [67] | Inhibiting the expression of CD133 | Inhibiting Notch-1 pathway |
| The traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis [63] | Inhibiting CSCs invasion | Inducing TIMP1 mRNA and inhibiting MMP |
| Ligustrazine [81, 82] | Inhibiting CSCs invasion | Inhibiting the expression of the integrin, CD44V6, VEGF, and HIF-1α |
| Isoliquiritigenin [70], Ligustrazine, tanshinone IIA [83] | Reversing drug resistance | Inhibiting β-catenin/ABCG2 pathway |
| Curcumin [52, 84], Jianpiyiwei [85], Pien Tze Huang [56] | Inhibiting the expression of ABCG2 | |
|
