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Skin disease | Anatomical structure affected by infection | Responsible pathogens | Reference |
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Bacterial infections |
Abscesses | Skin and subcutaneous tissue | Staphylococcus aureus; methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) | [101] |
Acne | Sebum glands | Propionibacterium acnes; S. epidermidis | [8, 102] |
Actinomycosis | Skin and subcutaneous tissue | Actinomyces israelii | [5] |
Boils/carbuncles and furuncles | Hair follicles | S. aureus | [8] |
Bromodosis (foot odour) | Epidermis/cutaneous | Brevibacterium spp.; P. acnes | [6, 103] |
Cellulitis | Subcutaneous fat | β-Hemolyticstreptococci; S. aureus; MRSA | [7, 8, 101] |
Ecthyma | Cutaneous | S. aureus; Streptococcus pyogenes | [7] |
Erysipelas | Dermis, intradermal | S. pyogenes | [8] |
Erythrasma | Epidermis | Corynebacterium minutissimum | [5] |
Folliculitis | Hair follicles | S. aureus; MRSA | [8, 101] |
Impetigo | Epidermis | S. pyogenes; S. aureus | [8, 104, 105] |
Periorbital cellulitis | Subcutaneous fat | Haemophilus influenzae | [106] |
Surgical wounds | Skin, fascia, and subcutaneous tissue | Escherichia coli; Enterococcus spp.; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; S. aureus | [8] |
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Necrotizing infections |
Necrotizing fasciitis | Skin, fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle | S. pyogenes; anaerobic pathogens | [5, 8, 107] |
Gas forming infections | Skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle | Gram-negative and various anaerobes | [5] |
Gas gangrene | Skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle | Clostridium spp. (C. perfringens, C. septicum, C. tertium, C. oedematiens, and C. histolyticum) | [5, 8, 107] |
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Fungal infections |
Candidal infections (intertrigo, balanitis, nappy rash, angular cheilitis, and paronychia) | Superficial skin | Candida albicans | [7] |
Eumycetoma | Subcutaneous infection | Madurella mycetomatis | [108] |
Dermatophytosis (tinea pedis/athlete’s foot, tinea cruris, tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea manuum, and tinea unguium/onychomycosis) | Keratin layer, epidermis | Dermatophytes (Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Trichophyton spp.) | [8] |
Seborrheic dermatitis | Subcutaneous infection | Malasseziafurfur | [109] |
Tinea/pityriasis versicolor | Superficial skin | M. furfur | [7, 110] |
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Viral infections |
Herpes simplex | Mucocutaneous epidermidis | Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, orofacial disease; HSV type 2, genital infection | [7] |
Chicken pox | Mucocutaneous epidermidis | Varicella zoster |
Molluscum contagiosum | Prickle cells of epidermidis | Poxvirus |
Shingles | Mucocutaneous epidermidis | Herpes zoster |
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Warts and verrucae | Epidermis | Human papillomavirus | [5, 7] |
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