Essential Species Main Reference Apium nodiflorum (celery), aerial parts, ItalyMAC E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)2% DMSO 0.16 μ L/mL Dillapiole (70.80%), limonene (14.40%) [230 ] T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)M. canis (clinical strain FF1)2% DMSO 0.04 μ L/mL T. rubrum (CECT 2794)0.16 μ L/mL M. gypseum (CECT 2908)0.08 μ L/mL T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (CECT 2958)0.16 μ L/mL T. verrucosum (CECT 2992)0.32 μ L/mL Apium nodiflorum (celery), aerial parts, PortugalMAC E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)2% DMSO 0.08 μ L/mL Myristicin (29.10%), dillapiole (22.50%), limonene (16.70%) [230 ] T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)0.16 μ L/mL M. canis (clinical strain FF1)0.04 μ L/mL T. rubrum (CECT 2794)2% DMSO 0.08 μ L/mL M. gypseum (CECT 2908)T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (CECT 2958)2% DMSO 0.16 μ L/mL T. verrucosum (CECT 2992)0.32 μ L/mL Cedrus atlantica (cedar wood)MIC T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)Tween 80 2.0 mg/mL NCR [264 ] T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)1.00 mg/mL T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)0.25 mg/mL T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)0.50 mg/mL Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon)ADM Trichophyton spp. (nail isolate)DMSO 0.31 μ L/mL NCR [232 ] Trichophyton spp. (scalp isolate)0.16 μ L/mL Microsporum spp.Citrus bergamia (bergamot)MIC T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)Tween 80 4.00 mg/mL NCR [264 ] T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)2.00 mg/mL T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)1.00 mg/mL T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)2.00 mg/mL T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)0.50 mg/mL T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)1.00 mg/mL T. mentagrophytes (20 isolates)Tween 80 0.16–1.30% v/v NCR [265 ] T. rubrum (18 isolates)0.16–0.63% v/v T. interdigitale (15 isolates)0.31–1.30% v/v T. tonsurans (2 isolates)2.50% v/v M. canis (24 isolates)0.16–0.63% v/v M. gypseum (1 isolate)2.50% v/v E. floccosum (12 isolates)0.16–0.31% v/v Citrus limon (lemon)MIC M. canis (11 clinical isolates)Prunus dulcis (sweet almond oil)4.60–7.50% Limonene (59.20%), β -pinene (13.70%), -terpinene (10.80%) [266 ] ADM Trichophyton spp. (nail isolate)DMSO 2.50 μ L/mL NCR [232 ] Trichophyton spp. (scalp isolate)Microsporum spp.1.25 μ L/mL Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass)MIC T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)Tween 80 0.25 mg/mL NCR [264 ] T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)<0.13 mg/mL T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)ADM T. mentagrophytes (SP-12)Sodium taurocholate 0.25 μ g/mL Citral (72.80%) [125 , 126 ] Cymbopogon martinii (palmarosa)ADM T. mentagrophytes (SP-12)Sodium taurocholate 1.50 μ g/mL Geraniol (61.60%) [125 , 126 ] Cymbopogon winterianus (citronella)MIC90 T. rubrum (15 LM strains), T. rubrum strain (ATCC 1683)Tween 80 312.00 μ g/mL NCR [84 ] Daucus carota (carrot seed)MAC E. floccosum (clinical isolate FF9)2% DSMO 0.32–0.64 μ L/mL Sabinene (28.30–33.80%), limonene (6.50–11.80%), elemicin (6.20–26.00%) [241 ] T. mentagrophytes (clinical isolate FF7)0.16–0.64 μ L/mL M. canis (clinical isolate FF1)2% DSMO 0.32–0.64 μ L/mL T. rubrum (CECT 2794)M. gypseum (CECT 2905)E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)DMSO 1.25 μ L/mL (v/v) -Pinene (37.90%), geranyl acetate (15.00%) [242 ] T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)M. canis (clinical strain FF1)T. rubrum CECT 2794M. gypseum (CECT 2908)E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)DMSO 0.64 μ L/mL (v/v) Geranyl acetate (65.00%) T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)M. canis (clinical strain FF1)T. rubrum CECT 2794M. gypseum (CECT 2908)E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)DMSO 0.16–0.32 μ L/mL (v/v) -Bisabolene (17.60%), carotol (25.10%), 11α H-himachal-4-en-1 -ol (21.60%)T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)DMSO 0.32 μ L/mL (v/v) M. canis (clinical strain FF1)T. rubrum CECT 2794M. gypseum (CECT 2908)E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)DMSO 0.64 μ L/mL (v/v) -Bisabolene (51.00%), ( ) -methyl isoeugenol (10.00%)T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)M. canis (clinical strain FF1)T. rubrum CECT 2794M. gypseum (CECT 2908)Eucalyptus camaldulensis (river red gum eucalyptus)ADM Trichophyton spp. (nail isolate)DMSO 5.00 μ L/mL NCR [232 ] Trichophyton spp. (scalp isolate)2.50 μ L/mL Microsporum spp.5.00 μ L/mL Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus)ADM T. mentagrophytes (SP-12)Sodium taurocholate 0.25 μ g/mL Cineole (23.20%) [125 , 126 ] MIC T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)Tween 80 0.25 mg/mL NCR [264 ] T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)<0.13 mg/mL T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)0.25 mg/mL T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)<0.13 mg/mL MIC M. canis (ATCC 32903)Tween 80: DMSO 500.00 μ g/mL 1,8-Cineole (72.20%) [267 ] M. gypseum (ATCC 14683)1000.00 μ g/mL T. mentagrophytes (ATCC 9533)250.00 μ g/mL T. mentagrophytes (ATCC 11480)<7.80 μ g/mL T. mentagrophytes (ATCC 11481)125.00 μ g/mL T. rubrum (CCT 5507)62.50 μ g/mL Illicium verum (star anise)MIC M. canis (11 clinical isolates)Prunus dulcis (sweet almond oil)1.00–5.00% -anethole (93.70%)[266 ] Juniperi aetheroleum (juniper)MAC80 M. gypseum (MFBF)n.m. 2.00% v/v -Pinene (29.17%), -pinene (17.84%), sabinene (13.55%) [135 ] T. mentagrophytes (MFBF)1.00% v/v T. rubrum (MFBF)0.39% v/v Juniperus communis (juniper)MIC T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)Tween 80 0.50 mg/mL NCR [264 ] T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)4.00 mg/mL T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)1.00 mg/mL T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)2.00 mg/mL T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)0.50 mg/mL T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)2.00 mg/mL Juniperus communis ssp. alpina (juniper), berriesMAC E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)2% DMSO 1.25 μ L/mL -Pinene (77.40%) [243 ] T. rubrum (clinical strain FF5)T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)M. canis (clinical strain FF1)M. gypseum (clinical strain FF3)Juniperus communis subsp. alpina (juniper) MAC E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9) 2% DMSO 0.64 μ L/mL Sabinene (26.20%), -pinene (12.90%), limonene (10.40%) [244 ] T. rubrum (clinical strain FF5)0.32 μ L/mL T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)0.64 μ L/mL M. canis (clinical strain FF1)0.32 μ L/mL M. gypseum (clinical strain FF3)0.64 μ L/mL T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (CECT 2958)1.25 μ L/mL T. verrucosum (CECT 2992)2.5 μ L/mL Juniperus turbinata (juniper), berriesMAC E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)2% DMSO 0.64 μ L/mL -Pinene (66.70%) [243 ] T. rubrum (clinical strain FF5)1.25 μ L/mL T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)M. canis (clinical strain FF1)0.32 μ L/mL M. gypseum (clinical strain FF3)1.25 μ L/mL Juniperus turbinata (juniper), leafMAC E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)2% DMSO 0.64 μ L/mL -Pinene (48.20%), -phellandrene (23.10%)T. rubrum (clinical strain FF5)0.64–1.25 μ L/mL T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)1.25 μ L/mL M. canis (clinical strain FF1)0.64–1.25 μ L/mL M. gypseum (clinical strain FF3)1.25 μ L/mL Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. oxycedrus (cade), leafMAC E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)2% DMSO 0.08–0.16 μ L/mL -Pinene (65.50%)T. rubrum (clinical strain FF5)0.08 μ L/mL T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)0.16 μ L/mL M. canis (clinical strain FF1)0.08 μ L/mL M. gypseum (clinical strain FF3)0.16 μ L/mL Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. oxycedrus (cade), berriesMAC E. floccosum (clinical strain FF9)2% DMSO 0.32 μ L/mL -Pinene (54.70%), myrcene (17.80%), germacrene D (10.30%)T. rubrum (clinical strain FF5)T. mentagrophytes (clinical strain FF7)M. canis (clinical strain FF1)M. gypseum (clinical strain FF3)Kunzea ericoides (Kānuka)MAC E. floccosum (clinical isolate)Tween 80 1.10% v/v -Pinene (61.60%) [137 ] T. rubrum (clinical isolate)Lavandula angustifolia (lavender)MIC T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)Tween 80 0.50 mg/mL NCR [264 ] T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)2.00 mg/mL T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)0.50 mg/mL T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)2.00 mg/mL T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)0.25 mg/mL T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)1.00 mg/mL Lavandula pedunculata (French lavender)MAC T. mentagrophytes (clinical strains isolated FF7)2% DMSO 0.64–1.25 μ L/mL 1,8-Cineole (2.40–55.50%), fenchone (1.30–59.70%), camphor (3.60–48.00%) [245 ] T. rubrum (CECT 2794)0.32–1.25 μ L/mL E. floccosum (clinical strains isolated FF9)0.32–0.64 μ L/mL M. canis (clinical strains isolated FF1)0.32–1.25 μ L/mL M. gypseum (CECT 2905)0.64–2.50 μ L/mL Lavandula stoechas (Spanish lavender) MAC E. floccosum (clinical isolate FF9) 2% DMSO 0.32 μ L/mL Fenchone (37.00%), camphor (27.30%) [246 ] T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (CECT 2958)0.64 μ L/mL T. mentagrophytes (clinical isolate FF7)M. canis (clinical isolate FF1)T. rubrum (CECT 2794)T. verrucosum (CECT 2992)M. gypseum (CECT 2908)Lavandula viridis (yellow lavender) MAC E. floccosum (clinical isolate FF9) 2% DMSO 0.32–0.64 μ g/mL 1,8-Cineole (34.50% and 42.20%), camphor (13.40%) [247 ] T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (CECT 2958)0.32 μ g/mL T. mentagrophytes (clinical isolate FF7)0.32–0.64 μ g/mL M. canis (clinical isolate FF1)0.32 μ g/mL T. rubrum (CECT 2794)T. verrucosum (CECT 2992)0.64 μ g/mL M. gypseum (CECT 2908)0.32 μ g/mL Leptospermum scoparium (manuka)MAC E. floccosum (clinical isolate)Tween 80 0.40% v/v (−)-( ) -Calamenene (14.50%), leptospermone (17.60%) [137 ] T. rubrum (clinical isolate)0.30% v/v Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree)MIC M. furfur (10 clinical isolates)Tween 80 0.03–0.12% v/v NCR [268 ] M. sympodialis (10 clinical isolates)(0.16 × 10−1 )–0.12% v/v E. floccosum (0.08 × 10−1 )–0.03% v/v M. canis (0.04 × 10−1 )–0.03% v/v M. gypseum (0.16 × 10−1 )–0.03% v/v T. interdigitale (0.08 × 10−1 )–0.03% v/v T. mentagrophytes (0.08 × 10−1 )–0.06% v/v T. rubrum (0.08 × 10−1 )–0.03% v/v T. tonsurans (0.04 × 10−1 )–(0.16 × 10−1 )% v/v T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)tween 80 0.50 mg/mL NCR [264 ] T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)1.00 mg/mL T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)2.00 mg/mL T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)8.00 mg/mL T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)1.00 mg/mL MAC Madurella mycetomatis (34 clinical isolates)DMSO (0.08 × 10−1 )–0.25% v/v NCR [108 ] E. floccosum (clinical isolate)Tween 80 0.70% v/v -Terpinene (11.40%), -terpinene (22.50%), terpinen-4-ol (35.20%) [137 ] T. rubrum (clinical isolate)0.60% v/v Melaleuca cajuputi (cajuput)MAC E. floccosum (clinical isolate)Tween 80 0.60% v/v 1,8-Cineole (55.50%) [137 ] T. rubrum (clinical isolate)Melaleuca quinquenervia (niaouli)MAC E. floccosum (clinical isolate)Tween 80 0.60% v/v 1,8-Cineole (61.20%) [137 ] T. rubrum (clinical isolate)Mentha piperita (peppermint)ADM T. mentagrophytes (SP-12)Sodium taurocholate 3.00 μ g/mL Menthol (36.40%) [125 , 126 ] MIC Dermatophytes clinical isolates (M. canis, E. floccosum, T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes , T. tonsurans ) Tween 80 1.00–2.50 μ L/mL Menthol (37.40%), menthyl acetate (17.40%), menthone (12.70%) [91 ] Mentha spicata (spearmint)MIC Dermatophytes clinical isolates (M. canis, E. floccosum, T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes , T. tonsurans ) Tween 80 0.075–2.25 μ L/mL Carvone (49.50%), menthone (21.90%) [91 ] MIC90 M. furfur (clinical isolate)1% DMSO 125.00 μ g/mL NCR [269 ] Myrtus nivellei (Sahara myrtle)MAC E. floccosum (clinical isolate FF9)2% DMSO 0.64 μ L/mL 1,8-Cineole (37.50%), limonene (25.00%) [251 ] T. mentagrophytes (clinical isolate FF7)1.25 μ L/mL M. canis (clinical isolate FF1)0.64 μ L/mL T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (CECT 2958)1.25 μ L/mL T. rubrum (CECT 2794)0.64 μ L/mL T. verrucosum (CECT 2992)1.25 μ L/mL M. gypseum (CECT 2908)Ocimum basilicum (basil) ADM T. mentagrophytes n.m. 8.30 μ g/μ L Estragole (45.80%), linalool (24.20%) [253 ] T. tonsurans 8.00 μ g/μ L T. rubrum 8.30 μ g/μ L E. floccosum 15.00 μ g/μ L M. canis 15.20 μ g/μ L Ocimum gratissimum (African basil)ADM M. gypseum (5 clinical isolates)Tween 80 + DMSO 250.00 μ g/mL NCR [270 ] T. rubrum (10 clinical isolates)250.00 μ g/mL T. mentagrophytes (10 clinical isolates)250.00 μ g/mL M. canis (5 clinical isolates)500.00 μ g/mL Origanum vulgare (oregano) ADM T. mentagrophytes n.m. 1.00 μ g/μ L Carvacrol (61.30%), thymol (13.90%) [253 ] T. tonsurans T. rubrum 1.20 μ g/μ L E. floccosum 2.00 μ g/μ L M. canis M. canis (11 clinical isolates)Prunus dulcis (sweet almond oil)0.03–0.05% -Cymene (14.30%), -terpinene (11.20%), thymol (45.00%)[266 ] Pelargonium graveolens (geranium)MIC T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)Tween 80 0.50 mg/mL NCR [264 ] T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)0.25 mg/mL T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)0.50 mg/mL Pimpinella anisum (anise fruits)MAC80 T. rubrum n.m. 0.20% v/v Anethole, anisaldehyde, linalool [256 ] T. mentagrophytes 0.78% v/v M. canis 0.10% v/v M. gypseum 0.20% v/v Pogostemon patchouli (patchouli)MIC T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)Tween 80 8.00 mg/mL NCR [264 ] T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)>32.00 mg/mL T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)2.00 mg/mL T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)0.50 mg/mL T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)8.00 mg/mL Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)MIC T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)Tween 80 4.00 mg/mL NCR [264 ] T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)8.00 mg/mL T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)4.00 mg/mL T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)0.50 mg/mL T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)8.00 mg/mL T. rubrum n.m. 1.38 mg/mL NCR [171 ] M. gypseum 2.75 mg/mL M. canis (11 clinical isolates)Prunus dulcis (sweet almond oil)2.34–7.50% 1,8-Cineole (27.50%), -pinene (23.40%) [266 ] MIC90 M. furfur (clinical isolate)1% DMSO 260.00 μ g/mL NCR [269 ] Syzygium aromaticum (clove)MAC E. floccosum (clinical isolate FF9)DMSO 0.16 μ g/mL Eugenol (85.30%) [258 ] T. rubrum (clinical isolate FF5)T. mentagrophytes 0.100 μ g/mL (clinical isolate FF7) M. canis (clinical isolate FF1)0.08–0.16 μ g/mL M. gypseum 0.16 μ g/mL (clinical isolate FF3) Thymus herba-barona (thyme) MAC E. floccosum (clinical isolate FF9) 2% DMSO 0.16 μ L/mL Carvacrol (54.00%), thymol (30.20%) [246 ] T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (CECT 2958)T. mentagrophytes (clinical isolate FF7)M. canis (clinical isolate FF1)T. rubrum (CECT 2794)T. verrucosum (CECT 2992)M. gypseum (CECT 2908)Thymus magnus (thyme)MIC T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)Ethanol + Tween 80 0.09 μ g/mL Thymol (39.80%) [260 ] Thymus quinquecostatus (thyme)MIC T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)Ethanol + Tween 80 0.04 μ g/mL Thymol (41.70%), -terpinene (16.00%), -cymene (13.00%) [260 ] Thymus schimperi (thyme)ADM Trichophyton spp. (nail isolate)DMSO 0.31 μ L/mL NCR [232 ] Trichophyton spp. (scalp isolate)0.08 μ L/mL Microsporum spp.Thymus serpyllum (thyme)MIC M. canis (11 clinical isolates)Prunus dulcis (sweet almond oil)0.025–0.10% Carvacrol (72.00%) [266 ] Thymus tosevii (thyme)MIC Dermatophytes clinical isolates (M. canis, E. floccosum, T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes , T. tonsurans ) Tween 80 (0.25–0.75) × 10−1 μ L/mL Geranyl acetate (17.90%), -terpinyl acetate (12.30%), carvacrol (12.80%), thymol (10.40%), cis -myrtanol (11.20%) [91 ] Thymus vulgaris (thyme) MIC T. erinacei (KCCM 60411)Tween 80 0.50 mg/mL NCR [264 ] T. mentagrophytes (KCCM 11950)1.00 mg/mL T. rubrum (ATCC 6345)T. schoenleinii (KCCM 60477)0.50 mg/mL T. soudanense (KCCM 60448)T. tonsurans (KCCM 11866)1.00 mg/mL T. mentagrophytes n.m. 2.20 μ g/μ L thymol (47.90%) [253 ] T. tonsurans T. rubrum 2.00 μ g/μ L E. floccosum 4.00 μ g/μ L M. canis 2.20 μ g/μ L Dermatophytes clinical isolates (M. canis, E. floccosum, T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes , T. tonsurans ) Tween 80 0.03–0.50 μ L/mL Thymol (48.90%), -cymene (19.00%) [91 ] T. rubrum (clinical isolate)72.00 μ g/mL Thymol (44.71%), -terpinene (26.01%), -cymene (21.22%) [271 ] Thymus zygis subsp. sylvestris (thyme)MAC T. rubrum (CECT 2794) T. mentagrophytes (clinical isolate FF7) M. canis (clinical isolate FF1) M. gypseum (CECT 2908)2% DMSO 0.16–0.32 μ L/mL -Cymene (11.00–17.00%), -terpinene (3.80–11.50%), linalool (3.50–30.0%), geraniol (0.10–19.80%), thymol (5.20–23.80%), carvacrol (1.30–25.00%), geranyl acetate (0.50–20.80%)[263 ]