| | Taxa | Health conditions treated | Habitat |
| | Fishes | | | | Anostomidae | | | | Leporinus friderici (Bloch, 1794), threespot leporinus | Earache | Freshwater | | Schizodon knerii (Steindachner, 1875), “piau-branco” | Leucoma, edema | Freshwater | | Arapaimidae | | | | Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822), “arapaima,” “pirarucu,” “pirosca” | Asthma, pneumonia | Freshwater | | Arhynchobatidae | | | | Atlantoraja cyclophora (Regan, 1903), eyespot skate | Haemorrhage after delivery | Marine | | Ariidae | | | | Aspistor luniscutis (Valenciennes, 1840), “bagre-amarelo” | Pain relief in injuries caused by the species’ sting | Marine/brackish | | Bagre bagre (Linnaeus, 1766), coco sea catfish, “bagre-fidalgo” | Injuries caused by itself | Marine/brackish | | Genidens barbus (Lacepède, 1803), white sea catfish, “bagre-do-mangue” | Pain relief in injuries caused by the species’ sting | Marine/brackish | | Genidens genidens (Cuvier, 1829), sea catfish, “bagre” | Injuries caused by itself | Marine/brackish | | Aspredinidae | | | | Aspredinichthys tibicen (Valenciennes, 1840), tenbarbed banjo, “viola” | Asthma | Freshwater/brackish | | Aspredo aspredo (Linnaeus, 1758), banjo catfish, “banjo,” “viola” | Asthma | Freshwater/brackish | | Auchenipteridae | | | | Trachelyopterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766),“cumbá” | Umbilical hernia, asthma, sexual impotence | Freshwater | | Balistidae | | | | Balistes capriscus Gmelin, 1789, grey triggerfish, “peixe-porco” | Bronchitis | Marine/reef | Balistes vetula Linnaeus, 1758, queen triggerfish, “cangulo,” “capado,” “peroá”
| Stroke, asthma, thrombosis, earache, pain relief in injuries caused by the species’ sting, haemorrhage, ascites, schistosomiasis, appendicitis, menstrual cramps, gastritis | Marine/reef | | Batrachoididae | | | | Thalassophryne nattereri Steindachner, 1876, venomous toadfish, “niquim” | Pain relief caused in injuries by the species’ sting | Marine/brackish | | Bryconidae | | | | Brycon nattereri Günther, 1864, “pirapitinga,” “matrinchã” | Flu | Freshwater | | Callichthyidae | | | | Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus, 1758), “cascarudo,” “caboge” | Asthma, umbilical hernia | Freshwater | | Lamnidae | | | | Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758), great white shark | Osteoporosis | Marine/brackish | | Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, shortfin mako | Osteoporosis | Marine | | Carcharhinidae | | | | Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller & Henle, 1839), silky shark | Osteoporosis | Marine/reef | | Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839), bull shark, “tubarão-cabeça-chata” | Osteoporosis | Marine/brackish/reef/freshwater | | Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller & Henle, 1839), blacktip shark, “sucuri preto” | Osteoporosis | Marine/brackish/reef | | Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818), dusky shark | Osteoporosis | Marine/brackish/reef | | Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839), smalltail shark, “junteiro,” “cação-galha-preta” | Asthma, rheumatism, wounds, inflammations, osteoporosis, anaemia | Marine/brackish | | Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron & Lesueur, 1822), tiger shark, “jaguara” | Osteoporosis | Marine/brackish/reef | | Negaprion brevirostris (Poey, 1868), lemon shark | Osteoporosis | Marine/brackish/reef | | Rhizoprionodon lalandii (Müller & Henle, 1839), Brazilian sharpnose shark, “cação” | Rheumatism, osteoporosis | Marine | | Rhizoprionodon porosus (Poey, 1861), Caribbean sharpnose shark, “cação” | Rheumatism, osteoporosis | Marine/brackish/reef/freshwater | | Sphyrnidae | | | | Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834), scalloped hammerhead, “peixe-martelo,” “cação-panã,” “cação-chapéu” | Asthma, wounds, rheumatism, inflammation | Marine/brackish/reef | | Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837), great hammerhead | Osteoporosis | Marine/brackish/reef | | Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758), smooth hammerhead | Osteoporosis | Marine/brackish | | Squalidae | | | | Squalus cubensis Howell Rivero, 1936, Cuban dogfish | Osteoporosis | Marine | | Rhinobatidae | | | | Rhinobatos percellens (Walbaum, 1792), Chola guitarfish | Osteoporosis | Marine | | Centropomidae | | | | Centropomus parallelus Poey, 1860, fat snook | Nephritis | Marine/brackish/freshwater | | Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792), common snook, “rubalão” | Edema in the legs | Marine/brackish/reef/freshwater | | Characidae | | | | Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), twospot astyanax, “piaba-mirim,” “machadinha,” “piaba chata” | Alcoholism, leishmaniosis, skin burns, wounds, rheumatism | Freshwater | | Clupeidae | | | | Harengula jaguana (Poey, 1865), scaled herring, “sardinha” | Osteoporosis | Marine/brackish/reef | | Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818), Atlantic thread herring, “sardinha” | Alcoholism, osteoporosis | Marine/reef | | Cynodontidae | | | | Hydrolycus scomberoides (Cuvier, 1816), Payara, “cachorra” | Earache | Freshwater | | Dasyatidae | | | | Dasyatis guttata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), longnose stingray, “raia branca” | Asthma, pain relief in injuries caused by the species’ sting, burns | Marine | | Dasyatis marianae Gomes, Rosa & Gadig, 2000, Brazilian large-eyed stingray, “raia mariquita,” “raia de fogo” | Asthma, pain relief in injuries caused by the species’ sting, burns | Marine/reef | | Diodontidae | | | | Chilomycterus antillarum Jordan & Rutter, 1897, web burrfish | Wounds, lump | Marine/reef | | Chilomycterus spinosus spinosus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Wounds, lump | Marine/brackish | | Doradidae | | | | Franciscodoras marmoratus (Lütken, 1874), “Urutu” | Injuries caused by itself | Freshwater | | Lithodoras dorsalis (Valenciennes, 1840), Rock-bacu | Swelling | Freshwater | | Megalodoras uranoscopus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888), “cuiu-cuiu” | Rheumatism | Freshwater | | Oxydoras niger (Valenciennes, 1821), ripsaw catfish, “cuiu-cuiu” | Rheumatism | Freshwater | | Platydoras costatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Raphael catfish, “cuiu-cuiu” | Rheumatism | Freshwater | | Pterodoras granulosus (Valenciennes, 1821), granulated catfish, “cuiu-cuiu” | Rheumatism | Freshwater | | Echeneidae | | | | Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758, live sharksucker, “rêmora,” “pegador” | Asthma, bronchitis | Marine/brackish/reef | | Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758), shark sucker, “rêmora” | Osteoporosis | Marine/reef | | Erythrinidae | | | | Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), “Matrôe” | Asthma | Freshwater | | Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794),trahira, “traíra” | Ophthalmological problems, rheumatism, cataracts, wounds, snake bite, conjunctivitis, stroke, thrombosis, asthma, toothache, fever, earache, diarrhoea, deafness, boils, bleeding, alcoholism, tetanus, sore throat, itching, sprains, leucoma | Freshwater | | Hoplias aimara (Valenciennes, 1847) | Earache | Freshwater | | Cichlidae | | | | Cichla melaniae Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 | Pain relief in injuries caused by the ray sting | Freshwater | | Gadidae | | | | Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758, Atlantic cod, “bacalhau” | Boils | Marine/brackish | | Ginglymostomatidae | | | | Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788),nurse shark, “cação-lixa” | Rheumatism, osteoporosis | Marine/brackish/reef | | Gymnotidae | | | | Electrophorus electricus (Linnaeus, 1766), electric eel, “poraquê” | Sprains, bruises, insect bites, snake bite, asthma, flu, pain in general, muscle strain, rheumatism, osteoporosis, deafness, pneumonia, itching | Freshwater | | Heptapteridae | | | | Pimelodella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1876), “mandim” | Injuries caused by that fish species | Freshwater | | Holocentridae | | | | Holocentrus adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765), squirrelfish, “jaguaricá” | Wounds | Marine/reef | | Megalopidae | | | | Megalops atlanticus Valenciennes, 1847, tarpon, “camurupim,” “cangurupim” | Stroke, headache, asthma, shortness of breath, thrombosis, chest pain, injuries caused by bang | Marine/brackish/reef/freshwater | | Monacanthidae | | | | Cantherhines macrocerus (Hollard, 1853), American whitespotted filefish | Asthma | Marine/reef | | Monacanthus ciliatus (Mitchill, 1818), fringed filefish | Asthma | Marine/reef | | Muraenidae | | | | Gymnothorax funebris Ranzani, 1839, green moray, “moréia verde” | Bleeding (wounds) | Marine/reef | | Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier, 1829), spotted moray, “moréia pintada” | Bleeding (wounds) | Marine/reef | | Gymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau, 1855), purplemouth moray, “moréia” | Bleeding (wounds) | Marine/reef | | Myliobatidae | | | | Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790), spotted eagle ray, “raia-chita” | Asthma, pain relief in injuries caused by the species’ sting, burns, haemorrhage | Marine/reef | | Narcinidae | | | | Narcine bancroftii (Griffith & Smith, 1834), lesser electric ray | Pain | Marine | | Narcine brasiliensis (Olfers, 1831), Brazilian electric ray, “raia elétrica” | Toothache | Marine/reef | | Pimelodidae | | | | Phractocephalus hemioliopterus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), redtail catfish, “Pirarara” | Asthma, wounds, hernia, burns in the skin, rheumatism, flu, cough | Freshwater | | Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), spotted sorubim, “surubim” | Flu, removal of wrath | Freshwater | | Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Lunnaeus, 1776), barred sorubim, “surubim” | Cold | Freshwater | | Sorubimichthys planiceps (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), firewood catfish, “surubim chicote” | Leishmaniosis, tuberculosis | Freshwater | | Zungaro zungaro (Humboldt, 1821), gilded catfish, black manguruyu, “jaú” | Asthma, toothache, earache, wounds, athlete’s foot, burns in the skin, rheumatism, flu | Freshwater | | Potamotrygonidae | | | | Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841), discus ray,“arraia” | Asthma, hernia, flu, pneumonia, cough, earache, burns | Freshwater | | Plesiotrygon iwamae Rosa, Castello & Thorson, 1987, long-tailed river stingray | Pain relief in injuries caused by the species’ sting, wounds, cracks in the sole of the feet | Freshwater | | Potamotrygon hystrix (Müller & Henle, 1834),porcupine river stingray, “arraia” | Asthma, hernia, flu, pneumonia, cough, earache, burns | Freshwater | | Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841), South American freshwater stingray, ocellate river stingray, “arraia” | Asthma, hernia, flu, pneumonia, cough, earache, burns | Freshwater | | Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855), smooth back river stingray, “arraia” | Pain relief in injuries caused by that species’ sting | Freshwater | | Pristidae | | | | Pristis pectinata Latham, 1794, smalltooth sawfish, “espadarte,” “peixe-serra” | Asthma, rheumatism, arthritis | Marine/brackish/freshwater | | Pristis perotteti Müller & Henle, 1841, largetooth sawfish, “espadarte” | Asthma, rheumatism, arthritis | Marine/brackish/freshwater | | Prochilodontidae | | | | Prochilodus argenteus Spix & Agassiz, 1829, “curimatá-pacú," “curimatá” | To avoid swelling of the breast feeding, mycosis | Freshwater | | Prochilodus nigricans Spix & Agassiz, 1829, black prochilodus, “curimatã” | Chilblain, skin burns, wounds, rheumatism, eye pains | Freshwater | | Serrasalmidae | | | | Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818), cachama, “tambaqui” | Paralysis of arms and legs | Freshwater | | Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 1818), pacupeba, “pacu-manteiga” | Venereal disease | Freshwater | | Serrasalmus brandtii Lütken, 1875, white piranha, “pirambeba” | Inflammations, sexual impotence | Freshwater | | Sciaenidae | | | | Cynoscion acoupa (Lacepède, 1801), acoupa weakfish, “pescada amarela” | Renal failure | Marine/brackish/freshwater | | Cynoscion leiarchus (Cuvier, 1830), smooth weakfish, “pescada branca” | Renal failure | Marine/brackish | | Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823), whitemouth croaker, “corvina” | Pain relief in injuries caused by the species’ sting, cough, asthma, bronchitis | Marine/brackish | | Pachyurus francisci (Cuvier, 1830), San Francisco croaker, “cruvina-de-bico” | Asthma, urinary incontinence, backache | Freshwater | | Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840), South American silver croaker, “curvina” | Urinary disorders, haemorrhage, snake bites | Freshwater | | Plagioscion surinamensis (Bleeker, 1873), Bashaw,“pacora,” “curvina” | Urinary disorders, haemorrhage, snake bites | Freshwater | | Sparidae | | | | Calamus penna (Valenciennes, 1830), sheepshead porgy, “peixe-pena” | Asthma | Marine/reef | | Synbranchidae | | | | Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795, marbled swamp eel,“muçum” | Bronchitis | Freshwater/brackish | | Tetraodontidae | | | | Colomesus psittacus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), banded puffer, “baiacu” | Breast cancer, backache, warts | Marine/brackish/freshwater | | Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus, 1758), checkered puffer, “baiacu” | Rheumatism | Marine/brackish/reef | | Trichiuridae | | | | Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758, largehead hairtail | Asthma | Marine/brackish | | Urotrygonidae | | | | Urotrygon microphthalmum Delsman, 1941, smalleyed round stingray, “raia” | Asthma, pain relief in injuries caused by the species’ sting, burns | Marine | | Amphibians | | | | Bufonidae | | | | Rhinella jimi (Stevaux 2002) | Urinary incontinence, dental caries, cancer, wounds, boils, erysipelas acne, inducing abortion | Semiaquatic | | Leptodactylidae | | | | Leptodactylus cf. labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824), South American pepper frog, “jia-de-peito,” “rã- pimenta” | Earache, rheumatism, joint pain, cancer, sore throat | Semiaquatic | | Leptodactylus vastus Lutz, 1930, South American pepper frog, ra-pimenta | Sore throat, cough, asthma, arthritis, backache, tonsillitis, hoarseness | Semiaquatic | | Reptiles | | | | Iguanidae | | | | Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758), Common iguana, “camaleão” | Earache, erysipelas, asthma, rheumatism, edema, abscesses, joint pain, wounds, acne, athlete’s foot, sore throat, swelling, burn, tumour, sucking a splinter out of skin or flesh, boil, injuries caused by the spines of the “arraia” and others fishes, inflammation, hernia | Terrestrial | | Teiidae | | | | Tupinambis merianae (Duméril & Bibron, 1839), Lizard, “tegu,” “tejuaçú” | Earache, deafness, rheumatism, erysipelas, skin thorns and wounds, respiratory diseases, sore throat, snake bite, asthma, tumour, swelling, infection, bronchitis | Terrestrial | | Tupinambis teguixin (Linnaeus 1758), Lizard, “tegu,” “tejuaçú” | Sexual impotence, rheumatism, erysipelas, dermatitis, snake bites, asthma, tetanus, earache, thrombosis, wounds, infection of nail, swelling, herpes zoster, irritation when milk teeth are erupting, jaundice, inflammation, tumour, sore throat, infection, bronchitis, injuries caused by the spines of the “arraia,” pain relief in injuries caused by snake bites, toothache, sucking a splinter out of skin or flesh, headache, cough, stroke, coarse throat | Terrestrial | | Boidae | | | | Boa constrictor (Linnaeus, 1758), Boa, “jibóia” | Rheumatism, lung disease, thrombosis, boils, tuberculosis, stomach ache, edema, snake bite, cancer, ache, swelling, helping to prevent abortion, pain in the body, inflammation, athlete’s foot, calluses, tumours, cracks in the sole of the feet, goitre, sore throat, arthrosis, insect sting, dog bite, erysipelas, thrombosis, asthma, neck strain, strain muscle | Terrestrial | | Corallus hortolanus (Linnaeus, 1758), snake | Assisting in removing spines or other sharp structures from the skin, rheumatism | Terrestrial | | Eunectes murinus (Linnaeus, 1758), anaconda, “sucurujú,” “sucuri” | Wounds, skin problems, bruises, sprains, arthrosis, rheumatism, boils, sexual impotence, headache, sore throat, thrombosis, swelling, tumour, asthma, muscle strain, numbness, syphilis, reducing pain, luxation | Semiaquatic | | Epicrates cenchria (Linnaeus, 1758), Brazilian rainbow boa, “salamanta” | Rheumatism, pain in articulations, injuries caused by itself, sore throat, earache | Terrestrial | | Crotalidae | | | | Crotalus durissus (Linnaeus, 1758), Neotropical rattlesnake, “cascavel” | Asthma, snake bite, thrombosis, wounds, luxation, rheumatism, pain in the legs, erysipelas, deafness, epilepsy, skin diseases, tuberculosis, hanseniasis, backache, tumour, boil, headache, earache, osteoporosis, sore throat, toothache, pain relief in injuries caused by sting of insects and snake bite, irritation when milk teeth are erupting, tonsillitis, impotence, fatigue | | | Chelidae | | | | Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812), Geoffroy’s side-necked turtle, “cágado” | Asthma, sore throat, swelling, earache, rheumatism, arthrosis, healing of umbilical cord of newborn baby, mumps | Freshwater | | Phrynops tuberosus (Peters, 1870) | Diphtheria, headache, earache, pain in the breast, wounds, furuncle, gastritis, swelling, haemorrhoids, sore throat, backache, eye problems, sucking a splinter out of skin or flesh, rheumatism, deafness | Freshwater | | Mesoclemmys tuberculata (Luederwaldt, 1926), tuberculate toadhead turtle, “cágado,” “cágado-d’água” | Rheumatism, discharge, thrombosis, bronchitis, diarrhoea, haemorrhage, asthma, sore throat, hoarseness, muscle aches | Freshwater | | Cheloniidae | | | | Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758), loggerhead turtle, “tartaruga cabeçuda” | Injuries caused by bang, toothache, diabetes, headache, backache, wounds, cough, bronchitis, asthma, thrombosis, rheumatism, stroke, hoarseness, flu, backache, earache, sore throat, swelling | Marine | | Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758), green sea turtle, “tartaruga verde,” “aruanã” | Injuries caused by bang, toothache, diabetes, headache, backache, wounds, cough, bronchitis, asthma, flu, thrombosis, rheumatism, toothache, stroke, hoarseness, earache, sore throat, swelling, whooping cough, arthritis, erysipelas, boil, wounds, arthrosis, inflammation | Marine | | Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766), Atlantic hawksbill, “tartaruga de pente” | Injuries caused by bang, toothache, diabetes, headache, backache, wounds, cough, bronchitis, asthma, thrombosis, stroke, hoarseness, flu, rheumatism, earache, sore throat, swelling | Marine | | Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829), olive ridley | Injuries caused by bang, toothache, diabetes, headache, backache, wounds, cough, flu, bronchitis, asthma, thrombosis, rheumatism, stroke, hoarseness | Marine | | Dermochelyidae | | | | Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761), leatherback turtle, “tartaruga de couro” | Rheumatism, earache, sore throat, swelling | Marine | | Geoemydidae | | | | Rhinoclemmys punctularia (Daudin, 1802), spot-legged turtle | Wounds, tumour, erysipelas, earache, rheumatism | Semiaquatic | | Podocnemididae | | | | Podocnemis expansa (Schweiger, 1812), Amazon river turtle, “tartaruga da amazônia” | Inflammation, acne, tumour, boil, rheumatism, pterygium, skin spots, backache, earache, arthrosis, arthritis, swelling, wrinkle | Freshwater | | Podocnemis unifilis (Troschel, 1848), yellow-spotted river turtle, “tracajá” | Wounds, tumour, erysipelas, earache, rheumatism | Freshwater | | Podocnemis sextuberculata Cornalia, 1849, six-tubercled Amazon River turtle | Blackhead, acne | Freshwater | | Peltocephalus dumeriliana Schweigger 1812, “Cabeçuda” | Blackhead, acne | Freshwater | | Testudinidae | | | | Chelonoidis carbonaria (Spix, 1824), red-footed tortoise, “jabuti” | Catarrh, erysipelas, bronchitis, stopping the sensation of getting thirsty, asthma | Terrestrial | | Chelonoidis denticulata (Linnaeus, 1766), yellow-footed tortoise, “jabuti” | Sore throat, rheumatism, hernia, wounds, leishmaniosis, varicocele, earache | Terrestrial | | Kinosternidae | | | | Kinosternon acutum (Linnaeus 1766), Tabasco Mud Turtle | Muscle aches | Freshwater | | Alligatoridae | | | | Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758), common cayman, “jacaré tinga” | Asthma, stroke, bronchitis, backache, earache, rheumatism, thrombosis, sexual impotence, snake bites (antidote), evil eye, irritation when milk teeth are erupting, discharge, swelling, scratch, athlete’s foot, ophthalmological problems, asthma, sore throat, amulet used as a protection against snake bite, rheumatism, hernia, prostate problems, infection, thrombosis | Freshwater | | Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1801), broad-snouted caiman, “jacaré-do-papo-amarelo” | Asthma, sore throat, amulet used as a protection against snake bite, rheumatism, irritation when milk teeth are erupting, hernia, prostate problems | Freshwater | | Melanosuchus niger (Spix, 1825), black caiman, “jacare açú” | Thrombosis, infection, swelling, asthma, amulet used as a protection against snake bite, injuries caused by spines of the “arraia,” pain relief in injuries caused by snake bites | Freshwater | | Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807), dwarf caiman, “jacaré coroa,” “jacaré,” “jacaré-preto,” “crocodilo” | Snake bite, asthma, stroke, rheumatism, thrombosis, backache, sexual impotence, edema, mycosis, evil eye, irritation when milk teeth are erupting, snake bite (antidote), discharge, sore throat, amulet used as a protection against snake bite, hernia, prostate problems | Freshwater | | Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider, 1801), smooth-fronted caiman, “Jacaré coroa” | Rheumatism | Freshwater | | Birds | | | | Anatidae | | | | Sarkidiornis sylvicola H. Ihering & R. Ihering, 1907, American Comb Duck, “putrião” | Bleeding (wounds) | Terrestrial | | Anhimidae | | | | Anhima cornuta (Linnaeus, 1766), horned screamer, “anuhma” | Intoxication from poisonous animals | Terrestrial | | Ardeidae | | | | Ardea cocoi (Linnaeus, 1766), white-necked Heron | Swelling, inflammation, injuries caused by the spines of the “arraia” and others fishes, asthma, boil, tumour, inflammation, rheumatism, earache | Terrestrial | | Caprimulgidae | | | | Nyctidromus albicollis (Gmelin, 1789), pauraque, “bacurau” | Amulets, snake bite | Terrestrial | | Cracidae | | | | Penelope jacucaca (Spix, 1825), white-browed guan, “jacu” | Insomnia, epilepsy | Terrestrial | | Pauxi tuberosa (Spix, 1825), razor-billed Curassow | Bleeding, snakebite, indigestion, stroke, lack of appetite in children, pneumonia | Terrestrial | | Ciconiidae | | | | Ciconia maguari (Gmelin, 1789), maguari stork | Injuries caused by the spines of the “arraia” and others fishes, thrombosis | Terrestrial | | Columbidae | | | | Columbina minuta (Linnaeus, 1766), plain-breasted ground dove | Lack of appetite, nausea during pregnancy | Terrestrial | | Columbina picui (Temminck, 1813), Picui Dove | Lack of appetite, nausea during pregnancy, deafness | Terrestrial | | Columbina talpacoti (Temminck, 1810), Ruddy Ground Dove, “rolinha-caldo-de-feijão” | Lack of appetite, nausea during pregnancy, deafness | Terrestrial | | Leptotila rufaxilla (Richard & Bernard, 1792), Grey-Fronted Dove, “juriti” | Lack of appetite, nausea during pregnancy, deafness, stye, thrombosis | Terrestrial | | Corvidae | | | | Cyanocorax cyanopogon (Wied, 1821), white-naped jay, “can-can” | Asthma | Terrestrial | | Cuculidae | | | | Crotophaga ani Linnaeus, 1758, smooth-billed ani | Bronchitis, thrombosis, asthma, whooping cough | Terrestrial | | Guira guira (Gmelin, 1788), guira cuckoo, “anum branco” | Asthma | Terrestrial | | Charadriidae | | | | Vanellus chilensis (Molina, 1782), southern lapwing, “quero-quero” | Helping to stay awake | Terrestrial | | Emberizidae | | | | Coereba flaveola (Linnaeus, 1758), bananaquit, “caga-sebo” | Thrombosis | Terrestrial | | Furnariidae | | | | Furnarius rufus (Gmelin, 1788), rufous hornero, “maria-barreira” | Mumps | Terrestrial | | Podicipedidae | | | | Tachybaptus dominicus (Linnaeus, 1766), Least Grebe, “mergulhão-pequeno,” “mergulhão,” “mergulhão-preto” | Eye problems | Semiaquatic | | Rallidae | | | | Aramides cajanea (Statius Müller, 1776), grey-necked wood-rail, “saracura” | Evil eye | Terrestrial | | Rheidae | | | | Rhea americana (Linnaeus, 1758), greater rhea, “ema” | General aches, rheumatism, thrombosis, strokes | Terrestrial | | Tinamidae | | | | Crypturellus noctivagus (Wied, 1820), yellow-legged tinamou,“zabele” | Thrombosis, stroke | Terrestrial | | Crypturellus tataupa (Temminck, 1815), Tataupa Tinamou | Assisting children who take longer than usual to start walking | Terrestrial | | Crypturellus parvirostris (Wagler, 1827), small-billed Tinamou | Assisting children who take longer than usual to start walking | Terrestrial | | Nothura boraquira (Spix, 1825), white-bellied nothura, “codorna” | Thrombosis, stroke, earache | Terrestrial | | Nothura maculosa (Temminck, 1815), Spotted Nothura, “lambú espanta-boiada,” “lambú-de-capoeira” | Snake bite | Terrestrial | | Tinamus tao Temminck, 1815, Grey Tinamou | Snake bite | Terrestrial | | Rhynchotus rufescens (Temminck, 1815), red-winged tinamou,“perdiz” | Thrombosis, snake bites (antidote) | Terrestrial | | Mammals | | | | Agoutidae | | | | Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766), spotted paca, “paca” | Wound in the breast caused by suckling, ophthalmological problems, stomach disorders, pterygium, sucking a splinter out of skin or flesh, injuries caused by the spines of “arraia,” control of cholesterol level | Terrestrial | | Bovidae | | | | Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus, 1758), water buffalo (feral), “búfalo” | Rheumatism, osteoporosis, thrombosis | Terrestrial | | Bradypodidae | | | | Bradypus variegatus Shinz, 1825, brown-throated three-toed sloth, “Preguiça pequena” | Thrombosis | Terrestrial | | Bradypus tridactylus Linnaeus, 1758, pale-throated three-toed sloth, “Preguiça” | Thrombosis, insects bite, scorpions bite | Terrestrial | | Canidae | | | | Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766), crab-eating fox, “raposa” | Rheumatism, flu, haemorrhoids, disorders after parturition (to accelerate recovery after parturition) | Terrestrial | | Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815), maned wolf, “lobo-guará” | Epilepsy | Terrestrial | | Dusicyon thous Linnaeus, 1766, crab-eating fox, “raposa” | Alcoholism, thrombosis, rheumatism, ophthalmological problems, diabetes, urinary infection | Terrestrial | | Caviidae | | | | Cavia aperea Erxleben, 1777, Brazilian Guinea Pig, “Preá” | Inflammation | Terrestrial | | Galea spixii (Wagler, 1831), Spix’s Yellow-Toothed Cavy | Inflammation | Terrestrial | | Kerodon rupestris (Wied-Neuwied, 1820), Rock Cavy, “Mocó” | Constipation | Terrestrial | | Cebidae | | | | Alouatta belzebul (Linnaeus, 1766), red-handed howler monkey, “guariba,” “macaco” | Whooping cough, sore throat, asthma | Terrestrial | | Alouattanigerrima Lönnberg, 1941, Black Howler Monkey | Whooping cough, inflammation | Terrestrial | | Alouatta macconnelli (Linnaeus, 1766), red howler monkey, “guariba vermelho” | Whooping cough, inflammation, accelerating parturition | Terrestrial | | Sapajus apella (Linnaeus, 1758), brow capuchin, “capuchin,” “macaco,” “macaco-prego” | Insect sting | Terrestrial | | Cervidae | | | | Blastocerus dichotomus (Illiger, 1815), marsh deer, “cervo-do-pantanal” | Diarrhoea, vomit | Terrestrial | | Mazama americana (Erxleben, 1777), red brocket, “veado gaedo” | Stroke | Terrestrial | | Mazama simplicicornis (Illinger, 1811) | Diarrhoea, verminosis, evil eye | Terrestrial | | Mazama gouazoupira (G. Fischer, 1814), grey brocket, “veado-catingueiro” | Asthma, edema, rheumatism, snake bite, thrombosis, assisting children who take longer than usual to start walking, toothache, wounds, sprains | Terrestrial | | Ozotocerus bezoarticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Pampas Deer, veado campineiro | Diarrhoea, verminosis, evil eye | Terrestrial | | Dasypodidae | | | | Dasypus novemcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758), nine-banded armadillo, “tatu galinha” | Thrombosis, insects bite, scorpions bite, edema, asthma, deafness, earache, evil eye | Terrestrial | | Euphractus sexcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758), six-banded armadillo “tatu peba” | Wounds, earache, evil eye, asthma, sore throat, pneumonia, sinusitis, deafness, coarse throat | Terrestrial | | Tolypeutes tricinctus (Linnaeus, 1758), Brazilian three-banded armadillo, “tatu-bola” | Thrombosis, rheumatism | Terrestrial | | Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792), giant armadillo, tatu-canastra | Snake bite | Terrestrial | | Dasyproctidae | | | | Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831, black-rumped agouti, “Cutia” | Asthma, thrombosis, earache | Terrestrial | | Delphinidae | | | | Sotalia fluviatilis Gervais & Deville (1853), grey dolphin, grey river dolphin, “boto” | Asthma, headache, rheumatism, hernia, womb disorders, sore throat, injuries caused by the spines of the “arraia,” swelling, haemorrhoids inflammation, wounds, earache, erysipelas, athlete’s foot, tumour, cancer | Freshwater | | Sotaliaguianensis (P. J. Van Bénéden, 1864), Guianan River Dolphin, “boto” | Asthma, headache, rheumatism, hernia, womb disorders, sore throat, injuries caused by the spines of the “arraia,” swelling, haemorrhoids inflammation, wounds, earache, erysipelas, athlete’s foot, tumour, cancer | Marine | | Didelphidae | | | | Didelphis albiventris (Lund, 1840), White-Eared Opossum, “timbú” | Boils | Terrestrial | | Didelphis marsupialis (Linnaeus, 1758), Black-Eared Opossum, “mucura,” “gambá,” “saruê” | Acne, wounds, bronchitis, joint pain, stomach ache, rheumatism, diarrhoea, inflammation, erysipelas, pain in gestation, asthma, headache, toothache, earache, sore throat | Terrestrial | | Echimyidae | | | | Thrichomys laurentius Thomas, 1904, “punaré” | Diarrhoea | Terrestrial | | Erethizontidae | | | | Coendou prehensilis (Linnaeus, 1758), Brazilian porcupine, “coandú,” “porco espinho” | Bronchitis, thrombosis, epilepsy, stroke, abscesses, conjunctivitis, asthma | Terrestrial | | Hydrochaeridae | | | | Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766), capybara, “capibara,” “capivara” | Thrombosis, conjunctivitis, venereal disease, rheumatism, earache, strengthen bones, liver pain, bronchitis, asthma, wounds, erysipelas, cough | Terrestrial | | Iniidae | | | | Inia geoffrensis (Blainville, 1817), Amazon river dolphin, “boto rosa” | Asthma, headache, rheumatism, hernia, womb disorders, sore throat, injuries caused by the spines of the “arraia,” swelling, haemorrhoids inflammation, wounds, earache, erysipelas, athlete’s foot, tumour, cancer | Freshwater | | Leporidae | | | | Sylvilagus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758), forest rabbit, tapeti, “coelho,” “coelho-do-mato” | Thrombosis, conjunctivitis, boils, burns | Terrestrial | | Mustelidae | | | | Conepatus semistriatus (Boddaert, 1785), striped hog-nosed skunk, “cangambá,” “gambambá,” tacaca | Rheumatism | Terrestrial | | Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818), Neotropical Otter, “Lontra” | Thrombosis | Terrestrial | | Myrmecophagidae | | | | Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758, giant anteater, “tamanduá-bandeira” | Thrombosis, stroke | Terrestrial | | Myrmecophaga tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1758), collared anteater, “tamanduá” | Edema, thrombosis | Terrestrial | | Procyonidae | | | | Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766), South American coati, “coati,” “quati” | Sexual impotence, wounds, skin burns, snake bites, backache | Terrestrial | | Procyon cancrivorus (G. [Baron] Cuvier, 1798), crab-eating raccoon, “guaxinim” | Rheumatism, epilepsy, thrombosis, snake bite | Terrestrial | | Tapiridae | | | | Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758), Brazilian tapir, “anta” | Rheumatism, arthrosis, osteoporosis, bursitis, muscular pain, asthma, tonsillitis | Terrestrial | | Tayassuidae | | | | Pecari tajacu Linnaeus 1758, collared peccary, “porco-do-mato,” “caititu” | Thrombosis, bronchitis, stroke | Terrestrial | | Tayassu pecari (Link, 1795), white-lipped peccary “porco-do-mato,” “queixada” | Thrombosis, stroke | Terrestrial | | Trichechidae | | | | Trichechus inunguis (Natterer, 1883), Amazonian manatee, “peixe-boi” | Sprains, vaginal discharge, injuries caused by bang, burns, asthma, menstrual cramps, rheumatism, sore throat, wounds, muscle strain, sucking a splinter out of skin or flesh, tumour, backache, hernia, arthrosis, luxation, menstrual cramps, insects bite | Freshwater | | Trichechus manatus (Linnaeus, 1758), West Indian Manatee, “peixe-boi” | Sprains, vaginal discharge, injuries caused by bang, burns, asthma, menstrual cramps, rheumatism, sore throat, wounds, muscle strain, sucking a splinter out of skin or flesh, tumour, backache hernia, arthrosis, luxation, menstrual cramps, insects bite | Marine | | Felidae | | | | Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771), mountain lion, “onça” | Wounds, leishmaniosis | Terrestrial | | Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758), jaguar, “onça” | Wounds, leishmaniosis | Terrestrial | | Herpailurus yagouaroundi (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803), “gatovermelho,” “gato-azul,” Jaguarundi | Wounds | Terrestrial | | Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758), ocelot, “gato-maracajá,” | Headache, sore throat, backache, wounds | Terrestrial | | Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775), oncilla, “gato-mirim” | Wounds, urinary incontinence, injuries, sore throat, sucking a splinter out of skin or flesh | Terrestrial |
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