A Pilot Randomized, Controlled Study of Nanocrystalline Silver, Manuka Honey, and Conventional Dressing in Healing Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Table 1

Comparison of baseline information on demographics and risk factors among groups.

	nAg; ()	MH; ()	Conventional; ()	value	Significance
Origin of participants
Hospital A	9	7	8	0.134	NS
Hospital B	2	3	0
GOPC	0	0	2
Personal factors
Gender
M	7	4	7	0.433	NS
F	4	6	3
Age (years); mean (SD)	63.36; (11.31)	65.60; (11.42)	66.1; (12.31)	0.948	NS
Serum albumin level (mmol/ L); mean (SD)	32.55; (6.99)	33.80; (4.89)	37.40; (4.84)	0.147	NS
Ambulatory status
Ambulatory	11	10	10	NA	NA
Disease factors
Duration of diabetes (years); mean (SD)	14.82; (10.44)	13.30; (9.63)	15.20; (9.88)	0.921	NS
HbA1c level (mmol/ L); mean (SD)	8.27; (1.32)	8.30; (2.26)	7.59; (0.99)	0.574	NS
Ankle brachial index (ABI); mean (SD)	1.06; (0.20)	1.03; (0.24)	1.13; (0.21)	0.944	NS
Heart disease
Yes	4	5	6	0.604	NS
No	7	5	4
PAD
Yes	1	0	1	>0.9999	NS
No	10	10	9
Local ulcer factors
Ulcer location on foot
Toe amputation	7	2	2	0.391	NS
Dorsum	1	2	1
Plantar	0	1	3
Plantar to dorsum	1	0	0
Medial malleolus	0	1	1
Anteromedial ankle	1	2	0
Lateral malleolus	1	1	2
Heel	0	1	1
Ulcer chronicity
Acute	7	5	6	0.901	NS
Chronic	4	5	4
Ulcer duration (weeks); mean (SD)	11.45; (6.67)	12.80; (10.54)	14.70; (8.12)	0.401	NS
Ulcer size (cm^2); mean (SD)	8.68; (6.84)	10.98; (8.03)	8.28; (7.27)	0.495	NS
University of Texas (UT) classification Ulcer grade (depth)
0	0	1	1	0.867	NS
1	5	5	5
2	6	4	4
3	0	0	0
SWESS (score of 0–30); mean (SD)	13.27; (2.15)	14.40; (1.90)	12.27; (2.31)	0.195	NS
Clinical signs of infection
None	7	3	6	0.498	NS
Mild	3	6	3
Moderate	1	1	1

Fisher’s exact test.
Kruskal-Wallis test.
Not significant.
Not available.
Significant ().
Chronic wound was defined as wound duration ≥ 12 weeks.