Prescribed Renoprotective Chinese Herbal Medicines Were Associated with a Lower Risk of All-Cause and Disease-Specific Mortality among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Population-Based Follow-Up Study in Taiwan
Table 3
Stratified multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of all-cause and CKD related mortality of 11,625 CKD patients.
Subgroups
All-cause mortality
CKD-related mortality
Other RPCHMs
Angelica sinensis
Other RPCHMs
Angelica sinensis
HR (95% CI)
HR (95% CI)
HR (95% CI)
HR (95% CI)
Age (years)∗
<56
0.4 (0.1–1.2)
0.085
0.5 (0.3–0.9)
0.023
—
—
0.4 (0.2–1.1)
0.089
≧56
0.6 (0.4–0.9)
0.008
0.5 (0.3–0.6)
<0.001
0.7 (0.4–1.4)
0.336
0.4 (0.2–0.8)
0.006
Gender
Male
0.5 (0.3–0.8)
0.003
0.4 (0.3–0.6)
<0.001
0.3 (0.1–0.9)
0.030
0.3 (0.2–0.6)
0.001
Female
0.4 (0.2–0.8)
0.009
0.3 (0.2–0.4)
<0.001
0.7 (0.4–1.7)
0.523
0.4 (0.2–0.7)
0.004
Hypertension
No
0.3 (0.1–0.8)
0.020
0.3 (0.2–0.5)
<0.001
0.2 (0.1–1.6)
0.131
0.2 (0.1–0.7)
0.008
Yes
0.5 (0.3–0.9)
0.007
0.5 (0.4–0.7)
<0.001
0.6 (0.3–1.3)
0.230
0.5 (0.3–0.9)
0.024
Diabetes mellitus
No
0.4 (0.2–0.7)
0.002
0.4 (0.3–0.5)
<0.001
0.4 (0.2–1.2)
0.099
0.4 (0.2–0.8)
0.006
Yes
0.6 (0.3–1.0)
0.053
0.4 (0.3–0.6)
<0.001
0.6 (0.3–1.5)
0.311
0.3 (0.1–0.7)
0.006
Receipt of erythropoietin
No
0.4 (0.3–0.6)
<0.001
0.3 (0.2–0.4)
<0.001
0.3 (0.1–0.8)
0.012
0.2 (0.1–0.4)
<0.001
Yes
1.0 (0.4–2.4)
0.952
1.2 (0.7–2.3)
0.485
1.6 (0.6–4.4)
0.399
1.7 (0.8–3.6)
0.175
Use of NSAID or analgesics > 104 pills/year∗
No
0.4 (0.3–0.7)
<0.001
0.4 (0.3–0.5)
<0.001
0.5 (0.3–1.0)
0.045
0.3 (0.2–0.6)
<0.001
Yes
1.1 (0.3–4.4)
0.930
0.2 (0.1–1.2)
0.081
—
—
0.7 (0.9–5.1)
0.689
Ever being hospitalized before CKD
No
0.5 (0.3–0.7)
<0.001
0.4 (0.3–0.5)
<0.001
0.6 (0.3–1.3)
0.185
0.4 (0.2–0.7)
0.001
Yes
0.6 (0.3–1.6)
0.330
0.3 (0.1–0.6)
0.002
0.5 (0.1–2.1)
0.359
0.4 (0.2–1.0)
0.052
Total study subjects
0.6 (0.4–0.9)
0.013
0.6 (0.4–0.8)
<0.001
0.7 (0.4–1.4)
0.346
0.6 (0.4–0.9)
0.025
CI: confidence interval; CKD: chronic kidney disease; HR: hazard ratio; RPCHMs: renoprotective Chinese herbal medicines. hazard ratio for certain subgroups could not be obtained because of too small sample size.
