A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Lifestyle Modification on Metabolic Control in Overweight Children

Table 1

Characteristics of studies included in this meta-analysis.

1st author/yr	Location	Study design	Subjects					Intervention style	Study period
			BMI	IG	CG	Age yrs	Race
Boudreau, 2013 [35]	Massachusetts, USA	RCT	>85th	23	18	9~12	Latino	Power Up class and culture-sensitive health coaching for children and their caregivers	6 months
Carrel, 2005 [36]	Wisconsin, USA	RCT	>95th	27	26		NA	School-based, fitness-oriented gymnasium classes and nutritional education	9 months
Foster, 2010 [37]	USA	RCT	>85th	1160	1132	11~14	H: 58.6	The HEALTHY Study, a multicomponent, school-based program: nutrition, physical activity, behavioral knowledge and skills, communications and social marketing	3 years
							B: 17.3
							W: 17.0
							O: 7.1
Johnston, 2007 [38]	Texas, USA	RCT	>85th	40	20	10~14	Mexican-American	Intervention was 4 sessions on healthy eating habits and trainer-led physical activity, while the control was self-help	6 months
Savoye, 2014 [39]	Connecticut, USA	RCT	>95th	38	37	11~14	NH: 31.5%	BB program-lifestyle modification twice/wk, 50 min exercise and 40 min nutrition/behavior modification class.	6 months
							W: 39.5
							B: 29%
Uysal, 2014 [42]	Germany	CT	>95th	484	533	9~13	West Germany	Obeldicks lifestyle intervention program that included physical activity, nutrition education, and behavior therapy to children and their family	12 months
Van Der Baan-Slootweg,; 2014 [40]	Netherlands	RCT	>95th	41	39		Dutch	Inpatient treatment compared with ambulatory lifestyle interventions. Hospitalized for 26 wks, exercised 45 min for 4 days/wk, nutrition and behavior program 60 min/wk	30 months
Vos, 2011 [41]	Netherlands	RCT	>95th	40	39	8~17	NE: 31.6%	Family-based multidisciplinary cognitive behavioral lifestyle intervention	12 months
							O: 68.4%
Wang, 2015 [43]	Beijing, China	NRC	>85th	90	136	7~12	Chinese	The comprehensive intervention group for 6 cycle (2 months/cycle); the PA only group (Happy 10 program); the diet only group (nutrition education program for 80 mins); and a control group.	12 months

RCT: randomized controlled trial; CT: clinical trial design; NRC: nonrandomized cluster design; IG: intervention group; CG: control group, Race. H: Hispanic; B: Black; W: White; O: others; NE: Northern European; NA: not classified.